Kentucky Outreach Service Kiosk (KyOSK): Reducing HIV, HCV, and Overdose Risk

August 14, 2026 updated by: April M Young

Kentucky Outreach Service Kiosk (KyOSK): Addressing Health Needs and Improving Service Linkage in Rural Appalachia Through Health Kiosks

This study will test the effectiveness, implementation outcomes, and cost effectiveness of a locally-tailored, health kiosk to reduce overdose, hepatitis C, and HIV risk behavior and improve linkage to care in rural Appalachia. The proposed project will take place in two counties in Appalachian Kentucky, an epicenter for the intertwined national crises of overdoses, hepatitis C, and injection-related infections.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a Type 1 hybrid effectiveness study involving a community-level, controlled quasi-experimental trial to assess the impact of a community-tailored health kiosk on HIV, HCV, and overdose risk in rural Appalachia, and a mixed methods evaluation of implementation outcomes. The trial will compare the standard health department program (staffed, brick-and-mortar) to an enhanced model involving a health kiosk + standard health department program. The kiosk, referred to as the KyOSK (Kentucky Outreach Service Kiosk) will be tailored through a community-engaged adaptation process. For evaluation of the KyOSK, the investigators will enroll 750 People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) in the intervention (n=425) and comparison (n=325) counties, collectively referred to as the kiosk trial cohort. The kiosk trial cohort will be recruited from three sources: existing cohorts of PWUD, local agencies, and peer-referral. Throughout the trial and following the implementation outcome framework (IOF) measurement model by Proctor et al., acceptability, appropriateness, fidelity, cost, penetration, and sustainability will be assessed using a combination of validated scales, qualitative interviews, checklists, invoices, and program data. Following the trial, the investigators will use data collected from the kiosk cohort and implementation outcome assessment (primarily cost and reach) in a dynamic, deterministic model of HCV transmission and overdose to examine the impact and cost-effectiveness of the KyOSK model.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
752

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Kentucky
      • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40506
        • University Of Kentucky

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Individuals are eligible if they are:

  • age 18 or older,
  • live in the intervention or comparison county, and
  • have engaged in injection or non-injection illicit drug use to get high in the past 6 months (excluding marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco).

Exclusion Criteria:

Individuals are not eligible if they meet any of the exclusion criteria:

  • being under the age of 18,
  • not living in the intervention or comparison county,
  • having not engaged in injection or non-injection illicit drug use to get high in the past 6 months (excluding marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco),
  • not being able to speak or understand English,
  • conviction in the past 10 years of a violent crime (i.e., murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, and /or aggravated assault) or stalking,
  • current charges of violent crime or stalking, or
  • having plans to move out of the study counties in the next 6 months, or residing in an inpatient facility.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Health Department Program Plus a Health Kiosk Intervention
The intervention involves enhancing the health department's existing staffed model of service delivery with a KyOSK. The intervention county's staffed program operates identically to the comparison county. Both counties' staffed programs and the kiosk will use an identically structured unique ID to provide objective data on service engagement. The KyOSK will resemble a vending machine but with a touchscreen, audiovisual interface. The KyOSK will include naloxone, wound care kits, and supplies for basic needs (e.g., hygiene items, food, water, emergency blankets); offer overdose education materials; and an innovative call-back feature for care navigation by recovery coaches. While the KyOSK is operating, the county will continue to operate its traditional program.
Behavioral: Health kiosk
The intervention involves enhancing its existing health department model with a Kentucky Outreach Service Kiosk (KyOSK).
No Intervention: Staffed Health Department Program
A staffed program located in the local department of health (DOH) and staffed by DOH personnel currently operates in the comparison county. The program provides supplies (e.g., naloxone, wound care kits, snacks, drinks, resource guides). A peer support specialist from a nearby recovery facility is present for consultation with clients (by request of client) during operating hours. New clients to the program "register" by providing information for establishment of a client ID and answer a brief survey of demographic and behavioral questions used by all state programs. Program clients will also receive a resource guide covering the same categories as those covered in the call-back feature of the KyOSK.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in number of days carrying naloxone
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 30-day) frequency of carrying naloxone (continuous)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in frequency of use of substance use treatment, detoxification, and/or peer-support services
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 6-month) frequency of engaging in substance use treatment services (binary)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in number of injection-related abscesses
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 6 month) number of injection-site abscesses among those who inject drugs (continuous)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in frequency of overdose
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported number of times overdosed in the past 6 months (continuous).
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in number of days on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among participants who use opioids to get high
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 30-day) frequency of being on MOUD (continuous)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in frequency of condom-less anal and/or vaginal sex
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 30-day) frequency of anal or vaginal sex without a condom (continuous; number and proportion of all sex events)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in use of naloxone during overdose events by participants who witnessed an overdose
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported number of times participant used naloxone to reverse someone's overdose in the past 6 months (continuous)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in frequency of helping others access naloxone
Time Frame: Measured at 18-month follow-up and thereafter
Self-reported recent (past 6 months) frequency of providing naloxone to others (binary)
Measured at 18-month follow-up and thereafter
Change in frequency of hospitalization for an injection-related infection
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Self-reported recent (past 6 month) hospitalization for an injection-site infection among those who inject drugs (binary)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Change in frequency of helping others access wound care
Time Frame: Measured at 18-month follow-up and thereafter
Self-reported recent (past 6 month) frequency of providing wound care supplies to other (binary)
Measured at 18-month follow-up and thereafter
Change in recovery capital
Time Frame: Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years
Composite measure of recent (past 6 month) self-reported social capital (receipt and provision of support), physical capital (housing, transportation, food security, technology, and health care access), and human capital (quality of life, experience of shame) (continuous)
Measured at baseline and then every 6 months up to 5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
April M Young

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: April M Young, PhD, University Of Kentucky

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 6, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 3, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 9, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 20, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 14, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KyOSK
  • 1R01DA055872 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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