Smallpox Vaccine for Mpox Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Cluster RCT (SMART)

August 11, 2026 updated by: McMaster University

SMART (Smallpox Vaccine for Mpox Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial)

A cluster randomized controlled trial to determine if smallpox vaccine reduces secondary cases and symptom severity in persons exposed to mpox.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A pragmatic, adaptive, multi-site, cluster randomized trial where households with one or more persons confirmed to have mpox will be randomized to smallpox vaccine or control. The co-primary outcomes are RT-PCR confirmed mpox and symptom severity.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
3000

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • Bukavu
      • Kinshasa, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
        • Catholic University of Bukavu
  • Nigeria
      • Abuja, Nigeria
        • Federal Medical Center
      • Abuja, Nigeria
        • University of Abuja Teaching Hospital
      • Ibadan, Nigeria
        • University of Ibadan
      • Irrua, Nigeria
        • Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital
      • Kano, Nigeria
        • Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
      • Lagos, Nigeria
        • Lagos University Teaching Hospital
      • Okolobiri, Nigeria
        • Niger Delta Teaching Hospital
      • Port Harcourt, Nigeria
        • University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital
  • Uganda
    • Kampala
      • Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
        • Makerere University Lung Institute

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

10 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Household member of person with laboratory confirmed mpox
  2. Age ≥ 2 years
  3. Within 14 days of onset of illness in mpox index case

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pregnancy
  2. Breastfeeding
  3. Past serious allergic reaction to study vaccine components
  4. Previous smallpox vaccination
  5. Current or planned use of another investigational drug at any point during study participation

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Smallpox vaccine
Participants will receive the Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine 0.5 ml single-dose
Drug: Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine
A single dose of the Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine will be given at baseline.
Other Names:
  • Imvamune
Active Comparator: Typhoid vaccine
Participants will receive the Typhim Vi® typhoid vaccine 0.5 ml single-dose
Drug: Typhoid VI Polysaccharide Vaccine Injectable Solution
A single dose of the typhoid vaccine will be given at baseline.
Other Names:
  • Typbar

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
PCR-confirmed Mpox
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To evaluate if smallpox vaccine vs control prevents RT-PCR confirmed mpox
8 weeks
Symptom severity
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To evaluate if smallpox vaccine vs control affects symptom severity
8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Resolution of skin lesions
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To assess the time to resolution (i.e. a new skin layer has formed) of any skin lesion
8 weeks
Number of skin lesions
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To assess the number of skin lesions for any participants who develop mpox
8 weeks
Self-reported Quality of Life
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To assess the QOL of participants using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale
8 weeks
Mpox complications
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To assess longitudinal complications for any participants who develop mpox
8 weeks
Mpox Pain
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To assess pain using an adapted Zoster Brief Pain Inventory
8 weeks
Hospitalization
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To determine all cause hospitalization over the study period
8 weeks
Mortality
Time Frame: 8 weeks
To determine all cause mortality over the study period
8 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Safety (SAEs, AESI)
Time Frame: 6 months
Solicited SAE and AESIs will be followed at 4 months and 6 months
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
McMaster University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Mark Loeb, MD, McMaster University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 17, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 22, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 10, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 16, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 27, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 11, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SMART RCT

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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