Brain Connectivity Changes With Spinal Cord Stimulation and Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Resting State NIRS/EEG Study

May 27, 2026 updated by: VA Office of Research and Development

Brain Connectivity Changes With Spinal Cord Stimulation Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Resting State NIRS/EEG Study

This study aims to assess how use of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain impacts brain structure and function. The investigators will use a non-invasive neuroimaging technique called resting state Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography (rs-fNIRS/EEG). The investigators will enroll Veterans who are currently receiving care at the Medical Center and who are either long term users of SCS for the treatment of their chronic pain or being evaluated for use of SCS to treat their pain.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

Chronic pain is a complex neurological disease that adversely impacts function and quality of life. Brain structure and function are altered when an individual is in the chronic pain state. Furthermore, chronic pain is associated with disruptions in functional brain connectivity. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a clinically available non-pharmacological therapy that is used in the management of chronic pain. Although SCS is effective for many, there are individuals who do not benefit. Therefore, in order to better understand brain mechanisms that underlie SCS treatment of chronic pain and to develop brain biomarkers of SCS efficacy, the investigators propose to evaluate functional brain changes in response to SCS. Finding a brain signature of pain relief in response to SCS would improve understanding of how SCS alleviates chronic pain and may help to identify those most likely to respond. The main objective of this study is to assess changes in brain connectivity in response to SCS in individuals with chronic neuropathic pain. The investigators will study two cohorts: Cohort 1 - naïve to SCS patients who are undergoing SCS trial period; Cohort 1 - long-term SCS users ( 6 months post implantation). The investigators aim to identify neurophysiological brain signatures of pain relief in these two populations using resting state Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography (rs-fNIRS/EEG). Study Design: The investigators will enroll Veterans with refractory chronic neuropathic pain who are currently receiving clinical care within the medical center. Cohort 1: Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain who are naïve to SCS and were selected for SCS trial period as part of their clinical care will participate in two study visits: before the beginning of the SCS trial and the end of the trial period. Data collection will be consistent across all data collection timepoints (T1 - T3) and include rs-fNIRS/EEG and clinical pain measures. Cohort 2: Participants with effective implanted SCS 6 months will participate in three study visits conducted 24-48 hours apart. Data will be collected during SCS use and following an SCS washout period. Data collection will be consistent across all data collection timepoints(T1-T4) and include rs-fNIRS/EEG and clinical pain measures. Both cohorts will receive paresthesia based SCS. AIM 1 is to characterize neurophysiological (rs-fNIRS/EEG) brain signature of pain relief during the SCS trial period for patients with chronic neuropathic pain who are naïve to SCS. AIM 2 is to characterize neurophysiological (rs-fNIRS/EEG) brain signature of pain relief in patients with chronic neuropathic pain who have utilized SCS for 6 months. Outcome Measures to address both aims include rs-functional connectivity (rs-fNIRS/EEG); and a composite clinical pain assessment that will include Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 profile v2.1(PROMIS-29); EQ-5D-5L; Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC); painDetect; and activity monitoring. Significance: Studying changes in brain connectivity in response to SCS will provide insight into the treatment mechanism of SCS. Use of neuroimaging methods such as rs-fNIRS/EEG that can be easily applied in the clinical setting to further refine patient selection for SCS may improve outcome in SCS therapy. This grant will provide preliminary data for future studies aimed at developing biomarkers of pain-relief with SCS treatment.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Ohio
      • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106-1702
        • Recruiting
        • Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Svetlana Pundik, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Veterans with chronic pain who are being treated as part of their clinical care with spinal cord stimulation

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 years of age and a US veteran
  • Diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain.
  • Current patient at Cleveland VA Medical Center receiving care via Pain Medicine Center.
  • Current user of tonic parasthesia-based SCS (pain relief 50% according to NPRS) or undergoing trial SCS period as part of clinical care.
  • Able to provide informed consent.
  • Medically and psychologically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Metal in the skull or deformity of the skull
  • Pregnancy or pregnancy planning during the study period.
  • Unable to provide informed consent.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Cohort 1-individuals who are naïve to SCS
Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain who are naïve to SCS and were selected for SCS trial period as part of their clinical care will participate in two study visits: before the beginning of the SCS trial and the end of the trial period. Data collection will be consistent across all data collection timepoints (T1 - T3) and include rs-fNIRS/EEG and clinical pain measures.
Cohort 2-individuals with effective implanted SCS 6 months
Cohort 2: Participants with effective implanted SCS 6 months will participate in three study visits conducted 24-48 hours apart. Data will be collected during SCS use and following an SCS washout period. Data collection will be consistent across all data collection timepoints(T1-T4) and include rs-fNIRS/EEG and clinical pain measures. Both cohorts will receive paresthesia based SCS.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in resting state Functional Connectivity
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Resting state functional connectivity will be evaluated with fNIRS and EEG. The investigators will model "response to SCS" with changes in resting state functional connectivity between five bilateral cortical regions. These regions are the medial prefrontal cortex (mPF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), primary motor cortex (M1), primary sensory cortex (S1), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Brain connectivity will be evaluated with fNIRS and EEG. Prefrontal medial cortex and posterior temporoparietal regions are good proxy measures of DMN activity using fNIRS. 45-47 DMN nodes include additional deep brain structures but they are outside the field of view for most fNIRS instruments. The investigators will evaluate S1 for its role in pain processing, M1 for its contribution to pain sensation via thalamic inhibition, and DLPFC for its known role in cognitive and affective pain processing.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
NPRS measures pain intensity. Individuals select a number on a 0-10 scale that best describes the intensity of their current, best and worst pain levels; 0-10 scale, with 10 indicating maximum pain.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in EQ-5D-5L
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
EQ-5D-5L is a 5-domain health-related quality of life measure; -0.59-1.00 scale, with 1=best health state.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Change in Patients Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a 7-point scale to assess patient perception of change in response to treatment. 1=no change, and 7=a great deal better.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Change in PROMIS-29 Profile v2.1
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
PROMIS-29 Profile v2.1 is a questionnaire covering 7 domains including physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, participation in social roles/activities, and pain interference. Higher T-scores indicate more severity/worse health.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Change in PainDetect
Time Frame: Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
PainDetect is a self-report measure that was developed to assess neuropathic pain in adults with low back pain; 0-38 points, with higher score more indicative of neuropathic pain.
Cohort 1: day 1 and between days 5-9; Cohort 2: day 1 and between days 3-6
Change in Actigraphy
Time Frame: Cohort 1-between 5 and 9 days; Cohort 2-between 3-6 days.
Activity monitoring using a wrist-worn device (Actigraphy) will be utilized to monitor real-life activity and sleep patterns; calculating % time active versus sedentary.
Cohort 1-between 5 and 9 days; Cohort 2-between 3-6 days.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
VA Office of Research and Development

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Svetlana Pundik, MD, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 30, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 30, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 13, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 27, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • F4389-P

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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