The Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Exercises

April 15, 2024 updated by: Zekiye İpek KATIRCI KIRMACI, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

The Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Exercises on Posture, Upper Extremity Strength and Dexterity in University Students.

Posture is generally defined as the sitting or standing position of a person's body. Repetitive or prolonged positioning in an atypical posture may also occur as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal diseases. Race, gender, seasons, nutrition, socio-economic status, profession and occupations, psychological state, hygiene, sleep patterns, exercise habits, fatigue, fractures, soft tissue disorders, disorders in the normal alignment angles of the joints, and emotional states such as joy, grief, and distress. It affects posture. Creating professional awareness among physiotherapy and rehabilitation students is very important for the physiotherapy profession, which has a very important role in protecting and improving public health, to achieve its professional goals. On the other hand, physiotherapists and physiotherapy students are at great risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to their working conditions and working postures.

The basic principle of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, defined as facilitating the responses of the neuromuscular mechanism by stimulating the proprioceptors and briefly referred to as PNF, is based on the principle that physiological movements in the human body have rotational and oblique characters and that a greater response can be achieved with movements performed against maximum resistance. The shoulder girdle serves purposes beyond stabilization and movement of the extremities. The clavicle and scapula cooperate as a single unit in the shoulder girdle. The scapula is not a weight-bearing structure during normal functions; rather, it supports the attachment of skeletal muscles.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Posture is generally defined as the sitting or standing position of a person's body. Repetitive or prolonged positioning in an atypical posture may also occur as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal diseases. Race, gender, seasons, nutrition, socio-economic status, profession and occupations, psychological state, hygiene, sleep patterns, exercise habits, fatigue, fractures, soft tissue disorders, disorders in the normal alignment angles of the joints, and emotional states such as joy, grief, and distress. It affects posture. Creating professional awareness among physiotherapy and rehabilitation students is very important for the physiotherapy profession, which has a very important role in protecting and improving public health, to achieve its professional goals. On the other hand, physiotherapists and physiotherapy students are at great risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to their working conditions and working postures.

The basic principle of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, defined as facilitating the responses of the neuromuscular mechanism by stimulating the proprioceptors and briefly referred to as PNF, is based on the principle that physiological movements in the human body have rotational and oblique characters and that a greater response can be achieved with movements performed against maximum resistance. The shoulder girdle serves purposes beyond stabilization and movement of the extremities. The clavicle and scapula cooperate as a single unit in the shoulder girdle. The scapula is not a weight-bearing structure during normal functions; rather, it supports the attachment of skeletal muscles.Scapula patterns are activated by upper extremity patterns, and all upper extremity patterns occur together with scapula patterns. The therapeutic purposes of scapula patterns are as follows:

mobility and stabilization of the scapula,

  • Trunk muscles and movements, rotation, etc. functional activities,
  • Cervical movements and stability, to increase upper-extremity movements and stabilization. Strengthening exercises for posture problems are frequently included in literature studies. However, the results of scapular-pattern PNF exercises specific to the shoulder girdle muscles are unknown. In this study, which we planned in light of this information, the findings obtained from scapular PNF exercises will serve to fill this gap in the literature.

Our hypotheses in this project are:

Hypothesis 1: Scapular PNF applications will show superiority in the development of muscle strength compared to upper extremity strengthening exercises in university students who receive 6-week training.

Hypothesis 2: Scapular PNF applications will be superior to upper extremity strengthening exercises in correcting shoulder girdle posture in university students who receive 6-week training.

Hypothesis 3: Scapular PNF applications will be superior to upper extremity strengthening exercises in the development of hand skills in university students who receive 6-week training.

The most common posture problem seen in university students is the deterioration of shoulder girdle posture. In this project,

  1. Purpose: To examine the effects of scapular PNF training on the strength of upper extremity muscles.
  2. Purpose: To examine the effects of scapular PNF training on shoulder girdle posture.

Purpose: To examine the effects of scapular PNF training on manual skills.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Gaziantep, Turkey
        • Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Being between the ages of 18-35
  2. Volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Having a systemic disease that prevents exercise,
  2. Having a history of orthopedic problems in the upper extremity (fracture, trauma, etc.)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Control Group
STRENGTH EXERCISE TRAINING
Other: strength exercises

Upper limb exercise training (6 Weeks) 3 days/week 60% of 1 repetition maximum 5 minute warm up 20 min exercise training 5 min cool down

Upper extremity movements - Scapular retraction - Shoulder flexion - Shoulder extension - Shoulder abduction - Shoulder adduction Resistant exercise training with Theraband and weights
Experimental: Study Group
PNF EXERCISE TRAINING
Other: PNF EXERCISES

Scapular PNF exercise training (6 Weeks) Exercise Frequency 3 days/week Exercise Intensity 60% of 1 maximum repetition Exercise Duration: 5-minute warm-up 20 minutes (2 sets of 15 repetitions) exercise training 5 min cool down Exercise Type Scapular patterns

  • Anterior elevation-Posterior depression
  • Anterior depression-Posterior elevation PNF techniques
  • Repetitive stretching
  • Rhythmic stabilization

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Muscle Strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Lower extremity muscle strength will be measured with a digital muscle dynamometer. Lower extremity muscles will be evaluated using a digital dynamometer (Knect). With this device, muscle force values are expressed in Newton (N). Muscle strength will be recorded by making 3 measurements with a digital dynamometer, on the right and left extremities, without allowing the patients to compensate, and the average values will be used.
Baseline and after 6 weeks
Posture
Time Frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
It will be done with the PostureScreen Mobile (PSM) application. Using the phone's camera application, participants will be photographed from 4 directions: front, back (coronal plane), right and left (sagittal plane). After the photo is taken, after marking the anatomical points specified in the application, the function of the application is started and the right or left shift and tilt angles of the head, shoulders, rib cage, hips from the front, the tilt angles of the head, shoulders, hips, knees from the side and the head, shoulders, rib cage from the back are displayed. , right and left tilt and shift angles of the midpoint of the hip, T1-T4, T4-T8, T8-T12, T12-L3 vertebrae, L3 and SIPS will be determined and recorded. The application is a valid and reliable method and its ICC score is between 0.71-0.99.
Baseline and after 6 weeks
Manual skills
Time Frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Will be evaluated with Purdue-Peg board test (PPBT). It is one of the tests frequently used in personnel selection for jobs requiring motor skills and coordination. It is a test that also measures the fingertip dexterity required for assembly work. Washers, rings and small nails are used in this test. The completion time of the test is recorded in seconds. The test is valid and reliable.
Baseline and after 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Zekiye İpek Katırcı Kırmacı, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 15, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 27, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 27, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 10, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 16, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 15, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ZİKK

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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