Reducing Stigma and Increasing Treatment Seeking Intentions Among Adolescents

September 3, 2024 updated by: Doron Amsalem, New York State Psychiatric Institute

Brief Personalized Videos to Reduce Stigma and Increase Treatment-seeking Behavior Among Adolescents With Depression

Depression is a leading cause of illness and disability in teenagers. Longer duration of untreated depression (DUD) is associated with greater severity, poorer outcome, and cognitive impairment. Stigma toward people with depression has been identified as a barrier to seeking help; therefore, reducing stigma toward young people at depressive risk could enhance their receptivity to seeking treatment. Social contact is a form of interpersonal contact with members of the stigmatized group and the most effective type of intervention for improvement in stigma-related knowledge and attitudes.

In a prior study, the investigators developed short video interventions to reduce stigma and increase treatment seeking among adolescents with depression. The videos feature adolescent protagonists varied by race/ethncitiy and gender (Black girl, Black boy, White girl, White boy, Hispanic girl, Hispanic boy, nonbinary or transgender adolescent) who will share their experiences with depression, challenges, and recovery process. The investigators would like to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of these tailored videos as compared to a video control condition (which provides information about depression and how to seek help but does not include a personal story) on reducing self-stigma and increasing help-seeking intentions and behavior at baseline, post, 2 week follow-up, and 4 week follow-up among adolescents ages 14-18 recruited via Cloudresearch. The videos will be shown again at 2 week follow-up.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

In a randomized control trial (RCT) with pre-, post-intervention, and 2 and 4 week follow-up assessments, the investigators aim to test the efficacy of brief social contact video interventions, varying protagonist race/ethnicity, as compared to video control in reducing depression related stigma and increasing treatment-seeking intentions and behavior among adolescents ages 14-18 recruited via Cloudresearch, a crowdsourcing platform. The control condition will include a video that will provide information about depression and how to seek help but does not include a personal story. The tailored video interventions will be assigned based on participant demographics and will include adolescent protagonists varied by race/ethnicity and gender (Black girl, Black boy, White girl, White boy, Hispanic girl, Hispanic boy, nonbinary or transgender adolescent). Videos will be shown at baseline and 2 week follow-up. The investigators hypothesize that 1) Brief social contact-based video interventions will reduce stigma towards depression and increase treatment-seeking intentions and behavior compared to video control which provides information about depression and help seeking but does not include a personal story.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1200

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10032
        • New York State Psychiatric Institute

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Ages 14-18
  • English speaking
  • US Residents

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age less than 14 or greater than 18
  • Non-English speaking
  • Non-US Resident

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (Black Girl)
A brief social contact-based video with a Black girl protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (Black Girl)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young Black girl, a professional actor, sharing her scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (Black Boy)
A brief social contact-based video with a Black boy protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (Black Boy)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young Black boy, a professional actor, sharing his scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (Latinx Girl)
A brief social contact-based video with a Latinx girl protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (Latinx Girl)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young Latinx girl, a professional actor, sharing her scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (Latinx Boy)
A brief social contact-based video with a Latinx boy protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (Latinx Boy)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young Latinx boy, a professional actor, sharing his scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (White Girl)
A brief social contact-based video with a White girl protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (White Girl)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young White girl, a professional actor, sharing her scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (White Boy)
A brief social contact-based video with a White boy protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (White Boy)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young White boy, a professional actor, sharing his scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Experimental: Brief video intervention (Nonbinary or transgender)
A brief social contact-based video with a nonbinary or transgender protagonist
Behavioral: Brief video intervention (Nonbinary or transgender)
A brief social contact-based video. The video presented a young nonbinary or transgender adolescent, a professional actor, sharing their scripted personal story of struggles with depression and raising themes of recovery and hope.
Active Comparator: Control
A brief video control condition with psychoeducation on depression and help seeking
Behavioral: Control Condition
A video that will provide information about depression and how to seek help but does not include a personal story.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Depression Stigma
Time Frame: Baseline
The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) is a self-report scale comprised of two 9-item subscales measuring participants' personal beliefs about depression and participants' beliefs about others' attitudes (Griffiths et al., 2004). The current study will only utilize the personal beliefs subscale. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Scores range from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate more stigma.
Baseline
Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Time Frame: Baseline
Treatment seeking intentions will be measured using three items from the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) Scale (Elhai et al., 2008). Items include: 'I might want to have psychological counselling in the future', 'I would want to get psychological help if I were worried or upset for a long period of time' and 'A person with an emotional problem is not likely to solve it alone; he or she is more likely to solve it with professional help'. Responses range from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher treatment seeking intentions.
Baseline
Depression Stigma
Time Frame: Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) is a self-report scale comprised of two 9-item subscales measuring participants' personal beliefs about depression and participants' beliefs about others' attitudes (Griffiths et al., 2004). The current study will only utilize the personal beliefs subscale. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Scores range from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate more stigma.
Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Depression Stigma
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) is a self-report scale comprised of two 9-item subscales measuring participants' personal beliefs about depression and participants' beliefs about others' attitudes (Griffiths et al., 2004). The current study will only utilize the personal beliefs subscale. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Scores range from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate more stigma.
2 week follow-up
Depression Stigma
Time Frame: 4 week follow-up
The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) is a self-report scale comprised of two 9-item subscales measuring participants' personal beliefs about depression and participants' beliefs about others' attitudes (Griffiths et al., 2004). The current study will only utilize the personal beliefs subscale. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Scores range from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate more stigma.
4 week follow-up
Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Time Frame: Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Treatment seeking intentions will be measured using three items from the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) Scale (Elhai et al., 2008). Items include: 'I might want to have psychological counselling in the future', 'I would want to get psychological help if I were worried or upset for a long period of time' and 'A person with an emotional problem is not likely to solve it alone; he or she is more likely to solve it with professional help'. Responses range from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher treatment seeking intentions.
Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
Treatment seeking intentions will be measured using three items from the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) Scale (Elhai et al., 2008). Items include: 'I might want to have psychological counselling in the future', 'I would want to get psychological help if I were worried or upset for a long period of time' and 'A person with an emotional problem is not likely to solve it alone; he or she is more likely to solve it with professional help'. Responses range from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher treatment seeking intentions.
2 week follow-up
Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Time Frame: 4 week follow-up
Treatment seeking intentions will be measured using three items from the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) Scale (Elhai et al., 2008). Items include: 'I might want to have psychological counselling in the future', 'I would want to get psychological help if I were worried or upset for a long period of time' and 'A person with an emotional problem is not likely to solve it alone; he or she is more likely to solve it with professional help'. Responses range from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher treatment seeking intentions.
4 week follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Treatment related stigma
Time Frame: Baseline
Treatment-related stigma will be measured with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help scale (SSOSH-3) (Brenner et al., 2021). Items include "I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help," "It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help," and "If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself." Response range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater stigma.
Baseline
Treatment related stigma
Time Frame: Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Treatment-related stigma will be measured with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help scale (SSOSH-3) (Brenner et al., 2021). Items include "I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help," "It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help," and "If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself." Response range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater stigma.
Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Treatment related stigma
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
Treatment-related stigma will be measured with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help scale (SSOSH-3) (Brenner et al., 2021). Items include "I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help," "It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help," and "If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself." Response range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater stigma.
2 week follow-up
Treatment related stigma
Time Frame: 4 week follow-up
Treatment-related stigma will be measured with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help scale (SSOSH-3) (Brenner et al., 2021). Items include "I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help," "It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help," and "If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself." Response range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater stigma.
4 week follow-up
Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE V3)
Time Frame: Baseline
Barriers to care will be measured with items selected from the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3) (Clement et al., 2012). Response range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (a lot). Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater barriers.
Baseline
Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE V3)
Time Frame: Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Barriers to care will be measured with items selected from the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3) (Clement et al., 2012). Response range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (a lot). Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater barriers.
Post (immediately after the videos are shown)
Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE V3)
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
Barriers to care will be measured with items selected from the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3) (Clement et al., 2012). Response range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (a lot). Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater barriers.
2 week follow-up
Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE V3)
Time Frame: 4 week follow-up
Barriers to care will be measured with items selected from the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3) (Clement et al., 2012). Response range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (a lot). Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater barriers.
4 week follow-up
Mental Health Treatment
Time Frame: Baseline
One item will be utilized to measure prior mental health treatment: Have you ever received mental health treatment?
Baseline
Actual help seeking
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
Two items will be utilized to measure help seeking: Over the past 2 weeks, have you sought out mental health treatment? and Over the past 2 weeks, did you feel more able/willing to open up to others about how you are feeling?
2 week follow-up
Actual help seeking
Time Frame: 4 week follow-up
Two items will be utilized to measure help seeking: Over the past 4 weeks, have you sought out mental health treatment? and Over the past 4 weeks, did you feel more able/willing to open up to others about how you are feeling?
4 week follow-up
Emotional engagement
Time Frame: Post (immediately after the videos are shown
Emotional engagement will be measured using the Emotional Engagement Scale (de Vreede et al., 2019). The scale includes three items asking about emotional engagement (e.g., "I care about the contents of this video"), and response choices range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12, with higher scores indicating greater emotional engagement.
Post (immediately after the videos are shown
Emotional engagement
Time Frame: 2 week follow-up
Emotional engagement will be measured using the Emotional Engagement Scale (de Vreede et al., 2019). The scale includes three items asking about emotional engagement (e.g., "I care about the contents of this video"), and response choices range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 3 to 12, with higher scores indicating greater emotional engagement.
2 week follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
New York State Psychiatric Institute

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 3, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 17, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 17, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 16, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 16, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 24, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 4, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 3, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 8317 (CTEP)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings