Adding Dexmedetomidine or Tramadol to Paracetamol- An Effort to Attenuate Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort

January 4, 2026 updated by: Neveen Abd El Maksoad Kohaf, Al-Azhar University

The Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine or Tramadol to Paracetamol- An Effort to Attenuate Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial

The insertion of a urinary catheter in a patient undergoing a surgical procedure, especially urinary interventions, may lead to catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) with varying degrees of severity during the postoperative period. Paracetamol is a drug with proven efficacy for the management of mild and moderate postoperative pain. Tramadol is a centrally acting, synthetic opioid analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties. It inhibits the detrusor activity by inhibition of type-1 muscarinic (M1) and type-3 muscarinic (M3) receptors. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, with analgesic, sedative, anxiolysis, sympatholytic, and sedative properties, is a very useful associated agent for general anesthesia.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
    • Cairo Governorate
      • Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt, 11865
        • Recruiting
        • Neveen Kohaf
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Hany Bauiomy, M.D
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Ahmed M. Abosakaya, M.D
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age from 20 - 50 years
  • ASA (The American Society of Anesthesiologists) I or II,
  • undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with history of psychotic illnesses
  • Opioid users
  • Bladder obstruction,
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Overactive bladder (OAB) defined as frequency _3 times at night or _8 times within 24 hours.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: DP group
Group I (DP group) will receive dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg
Drug: Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg
Group I (DP group) will receive dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg,
Drug: Paracetamol 10mg/kg
Group I (DP group) will receive dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg. Group II (TP group) will receive tramadol 1mg/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg.
Active Comparator: TP group
Group II (TP group) will receive tramadol 1mg/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg.
Drug: Paracetamol 10mg/kg
Group I (DP group) will receive dexmedetomidine 0.5 mic/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg. Group II (TP group) will receive tramadol 1mg/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg.
Drug: Tramadol 1mg/kg
Group II (TP group) will receive tramadol 1mg/kg and paracetamol 10mg/kg.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD)
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperative
The incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) will be assessed at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6,8,10,12 and 24 hours postoperatively.
24 hours postoperative

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postoperative pain
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Postoperative pain will be assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (0, no discomfort and no pain; 10, a high level of discomfort and maximum pain)
24 hours postoperatively
Meperidine requirement
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Total amount of consumed meperidine will be documented
24 hours postoperatively
Patient satisfaction
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Patients' satisfaction was measured immediately postoperative and after 24 hours using a five-point Likert scale consisting of "very dissatisfied," "dissatisfied," "unsure," "satisfied," and "very satisfied.
24 hours postoperatively
Surgeon satisfaction
Time Frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Surgeon' satisfaction was measured immediately postoperative and after 24 hours using a five-point Likert scale consisting of "very dissatisfied," "dissatisfied," "unsure," "satisfied," and "very satisfied.
24 hours postoperatively

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Al-Azhar University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Benha University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 28, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 7, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 21, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 23, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • RC.18.1.2024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Data will be available upon reasonable request from corresponding author

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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