Effect of Hypoxic Exposure on Blood Variables in Elite Wrestlers

January 15, 2025 updated by: Poznan University of Physical Education

The Influence of Sports and Hypoxic Training on the Regeneration and Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles to Exercise in Wrestlers.

Twelve male wrestlers of the National Polish Team were observed in the study during the camp. The hypoxia group (n=6) participated in sports training and hypoxic exposure, while the control group (n=6) included wrestlers participating only in sports training. The hypoxic group lived and slept in hypoxic rooms. During the camp, all wrestlers followed the same training schedule and diet. In the blood were determined levels of creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, nitric oxide (NO), morphology, reticulocytes, lipid profile, and ferritin. Also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), erythropoietin (EPO), angiopoietin (Ang 1, Ang 2), endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 (VCAM-1), Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Body weight composition was determined.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Hypoxia exposure applied to professional athletes has attracted attention and scientific debate due to its effects on improving physiological response through cardiovascular and hematological mechanisms. Presently, hypoxic training programs are developed to improve exercise performance in athletes, a useful training method for athletes that may improve their performance in future sea-level competitions. 12 males were divided into the hypoxic (H) and control (C) groups. Group H was living and sleeping in hypoxic rooms (method live high-train low) for 8-14h/d (FiO2≈14%). The implementation of the project was intended to: 1) assess the dynamics of changes in the concentration of pro-inflammatory indicators and hematopoiesis in athletes to variable training loads and hypoxia, 2) explain the usefulness of hypoxic exposure in adaptation to physical exercise, 3) observe the length of the hypoxic cycle necessary to maintain the effect of high-altitude training. In the blood serum the level of basic biochemical indicators of fatigue related to muscle damage, inflammation, and energy deficit, i.e. total creatine kinase (CK) activity, C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, basic hematological indicators: morphology, reticulocytes, lipid profile, and ferritin. Also, angiogenesis regulators: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR2 and VEGFR3), erythropoietin (EPO), angiopoietin (Ang 1, Ang 2), endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 (VCAM-1), Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Body weight composition was determined using a body analyzer. Further investigations into hypoxia methods while considering individual capabilities are necessary for gaining deeper insights, into how hypoxia affects blood count and different blood variables among athletes.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • member of national wrestler's teams, and sports camp participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • negative symptoms of hypoxia, and/or injury.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Hypoxia
Live High-Train Low method was used.
Other: hypoxia
The athletes were living in hypoxic rooms, which could simulate a selected altitude above sea level.
No Intervention: Control group
The control group was participating in the same training protocol.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
CK
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
creatine kinase
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
hsCRP
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
reactive C-protein
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
HIF-1
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
hypoxia-inducible factor 1
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
EPO
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
Erythropoietin
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
VEGF, VEGF 2, VEGF 3.
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
vascular endothelial growth factor
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
Ang 1, Ang 2
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
angiopoietin
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
VCAM-1
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
endothelial cell adhesion factor-1
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
blood count
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
morphology
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
lipid profile
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
HDL, LDL, triglycerides
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
ferritin
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
ferritin
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
Time Frame: The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.
nitric oxide
The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Poznan University of Physical Education

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Anna Kasperska, Poznan University of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland;

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 2, 2013

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 18, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 18, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 12, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 17, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 18, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 15, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Wrestlers LH-TL

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings