Speed of Glucose Absorption

March 3, 2025 updated by: Dr. Chris Gaffney, Lancaster University

Evaluating the Speed of Carbohydrate Supplement Absorption in an Athletic Population

The purpose of this study is to look at how fast commercially available supplements containing carbohydrate can get into the bloodstream. If carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, gets into the blood faster, this can provide an instant energy source and help fuel the body during exercise. We will be testing three supplements, namely Voom Pocket Rocket, SIS Go Isotonic Energy Gel, and Maurten Gel 160. Each participant will complete all three conditions, consuming one of each supplement at random per condition. The study requires participation from male runners, cyclists and triathletes who are aged between 18-35.

Each visit will take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes, and three experimental visits per participant. The study will involve frequent blood sampling and the continuous monitoring of gas exchange (oxygen/carbon dioxide). Blood sampling via cannulation will be used to analyse the lactate, glucose, and insulin content of the blood. Gas exchange will measure the oxygen breathed in and carbon dioxide breathed out throughout the study.

The investigators plan to carry out the study on 16 participants who will be a mix of male runners, cyclists and triathletes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the speed of delivery of three commercially available carbohydrate supplements during a 1 hour modified glucose tolerance test. This study will be a randomised double-blind crossover in design. Participants will be required to attend the Human Performance Laboratory at Lancaster University on three separate visits. During each visit, participants will be required to consume one of three commercially available carbohydrate supplements, namely Maurten Gel 160 (MAU), Voom Pocket Rocket Electro Energy Bar (PR), and SIS Go Isotonic Energy Gel (SIS). Each consumable will be blinded to both the researchers and participants, flavoured the same (lemon and lime) and placed into identical packaging with anonymised labelling to minimise the risk of bias. The supplements will be matched for carbohydrate content (45 grams). Blinding of supplements will be completed offsite by people not in the research team and followed strict food and hygiene protocols. Each participant will complete all three conditions, consuming one of each supplement at random per condition.

Each visit will involve frequent venous blood sampling for glucose, lactate and insulin. An anterograde venous cannula will be inserted into a vein in the antecubital fossa of the arm by a qualified member of the research team. This is a less invasive alternative to an arterial cannula whilst still allowing for accurate metabolic measures to be taken. This method is also less painful than inserting a retrograde cannula which can cause significant discomfort.

Once the anterograde venous cannula is inserted and secured in place, a resting measurement of blood will be taken (1ml of blood taken to measure glucose and lactate, and 3ml for insulin). Participants will then be required to consume one of the three carbohydrate energy supplements. Once the supplement had been consumed, continuous gas analysis will begin to analyse gas exchange to non-invasively measure substrate utilisation. This signals the start of the test, and a timer will be set for 1 hour.

Throughout the test, blood sampling will be taken in frequent intervals. 1ml of blood sampled every 5 minutes to check for glucose and lactate, and 3ml of blood sampled every 10 minutes for insulin. Gas exchange will be continuously measured to non-invasively measure substrate utilization in the muscle via indirect calorimetry which determines energy expenditure by measuring the body's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. The measurement is based on the assumption that the volume of oxygen (VO2) consumed is used to oxidise fuels, and the volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2) produced is a by-product of substrate utilisation.

After the study visit, analysis will be conducted assessing how each of the three supplements effect blood glucose, blood lactate, insulin, and gas exchange.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
16

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
    • Lancashire
      • Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom, LA1 4AT
        • Lancaster University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged between 18-35 years
  • Males
  • Tier 2 runners, cyclists, and triathletes; local level representation, training ~ 3 times per week, training with a purpose to compete, identify with a specific sport, limited skill development
  • BMI between 18.5-24.9 - based on healthy weight range for BMI as per NHS and BMI of recreational to elite long-distance runners

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergies to any listed ingredients on any supplements.
  • Diabetes (type 1 or 2)
  • Any medical conditions
  • Smokers
  • Anyone using drugs or medication
  • Anyone consuming alcohol within 24 hours of the study
  • Exercise must be restricted within 24 hours of the study
  • Caffeine must not be consumed within 24 hours of testing as it can significantly enhance carbohydrate oxidation rates
  • Diets including high-carbohydrate-low-fat (HCLF), low-carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF), ketogenic, and/or glycogen manipulation diets

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Voom Pocket Rocket Electro Energy Bar
After at least a 1 week washout period, every participant will undergo a different intervention
Dietary supplement: 45 grams Voom Pocket Rocket Electro Energy
Participants will be required to consume 45 grams (in carbohydrates) of the Voom Pocket Rocket Electro Energy on one of the three experimental visits. Participants will have blood glucose, blood lactate, and insulin sampled throughout a 1-hour modified oral glucose tolerance test. Gas exchange will also be monitored throughout the 1-hour study visit.
Experimental: Maurten gel 160
After at least a1 week washout period, every participant will undergo a different intervention
Dietary supplement: 45 grams Maurten Gel 160
Participants will be required to consume 45 grams (in carbohydrates) Maurten Gel 160 on one of the three experimental visits. Participants will have blood glucose, blood lactate, and insulin sampled throughout a 1-hour modified oral glucose tolerance test. Gas exchange will also be monitored throughout the 1-hour study visit.
Experimental: SIS Go isotonic Gel
After at least 1 week washout period, every participant will undergo a different intervention
Dietary supplement: 45 grams SIS Go Isotonic Energy Gel
Participants will be required to consume 45 grams (in carbohydrates) SIS Isotonic Energy Gel on one of the three experimental visits. Participants will have blood glucose, blood lactate, and insulin sampled throughout a 1-hour modified oral glucose tolerance test. Gas exchange will also be monitored throughout the 1-hour study visit.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Blood Glucose
Time Frame: 1 hour
Frequent blood sampling for blood glucose (1ml every 5 mins for 1 hour) followed by analysis in the Biosen Analyser
1 hour
Blood Lactate
Time Frame: 1 hour
Frequent blood sampling for blood lactate (1ml every 5 mins for 1 hour) followed by analysis in the Biosen Analyser
1 hour
Insulin
Time Frame: 1 hour
Frequent blood sampling for insulin (3ml every 10 mins for 1 hour) followed by analysis in an ELISA
1 hour
Gas Exchange
Time Frame: 1 hour
Gas exchange measured throughout each 1 hour visit via a Cortex Metalyzer
1 hour

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Lancaster University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 16, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 16, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 16, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 19, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 3, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • LMS-24-Dean-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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