Phase 1 Study of GEN2 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

March 11, 2026 updated by: GenVivo, Inc.

A Phase 1 Study of GEN2 in Adult Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor Malignancies

Protocol GVO-1102 is a phase 1, open label, multi-center study in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. This study includes two parts: dose escalation and dose expansion. In the dose escalation phase, GEN2 will be administered at increasing dose levels via intravenous infusion or intratumoral injection on Days 1, 3 and 8 every 4 weeks. Valganciclovir will start dosing on Day 12 and continue for 10 days (through Day 21). Once a recommended dose has been defined in approximately 35-45 patients, the dose expansion phase will initiate to further assess intravenous administration of GEN2 in specific tumor types. Approximately 15 patients per tumor type will be enrolled in the intravenous dose expansion phase.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Terminated

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

GEN2 is a non-replicating off-the-shelf gene therapy vector product being developed as a cancer immunotherapy to activate a patient's immune system against their personal cancer antigens (neoantigens). The vector payload encodes for a suicide gene, an enhanced viral thymidine kinase enzyme (HSV-eTK), which in the presence of a prodrug, valganciclovir, causes the tumor to release patient specific tumor antigens. These neoantigens in the presence of a human immune modulator cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF), results in the generation of immune effector cells. These effector cells maintain continually amplifying therapeutic immune responses as more tumor cells are killed and release antigen and will potentially kill any new tumor metastases that arise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
37

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
        • City of Hope
      • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
        • UCLA Hematology-Oncology
      • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
        • University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine
    • Indiana
      • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
        • Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Iowa
      • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
        • University of Iowa Health Care
    • Tennessee
      • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37203
        • SCRI Oncology Partners
    • Virginia
      • Fairfax, Virginia, United States, 22031
        • NEXT Oncology

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult patients with a locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor that has progressed or was non-responsive to prior therapy
  • Measurable disease as determined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1.
  • At least 18 years of age.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 - 1.
  • For patients with HCC: Child-Pugh Class A
  • Available archived tumor tissue sample or a lesion that can be safely biopsied if the archived sample is not available.
  • Adequate renal, liver and bone marrow function.
  • Ability to swallow VGCV tablets.
  • Willingness of men and women of child-bearing potential (WCBP) to observe conventional and highly effective birth control for the duration of treatment and for 12 months following the last dose of study treatment. Patients who are pregnant or lactating are excluded.
  • For the dose expansion phase: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or cutaneous malignancy: no more than 2 prior systemic regimens for metastatic disease. Patients with breast cancer: no more than 2 prior cytotoxic regimens for metastatic disease (single-agent hormone therapy or hormone-based doublets do not count). Patients with cutaneous malignancies includes patients with melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • For the intratumoral injection dose escalation phase: patients with cutaneous malignancy, including patients with melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Patients must have at least 1 measurable and injectable lesion and an additional site of measurable distant metastases for assessment of systemic immune response to therapy. Patients may not have received prior treatment with oncolytic therapy. Patients for whom tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy would be considered standard of care should have received these agents prior to enrollment in this trial. Patients may not have a history of significant bleeding diathesis.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Investigational agent or anticancer therapy within 28 days or 5 elimination half-lives prior to Cycle 1 Day 1.
  • Prior receipt of talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) or any other oncolytic virus (including but not limited to RP1, RP2, or BNT111).; prior receipt of a live vaccine within 28 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1.
  • Any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy greater than CTCAE Grade 1 at the time of enrollment (alopecia and other nonacute toxicities are not exclusionary)
  • Washout from prior major surgery and radiotherapy (less than 28 days)
  • Symptomatic primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor or metastases; symptomatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis; untreated spinal cord compression. Patients with CNS lesions may be eligible if CNS lesions are asymptomatic or if neurological symptoms are stable, the patient is not receiving steroids to manage CNS symptoms, and no CNS surgery or radiation has been performed for 28 days (14 days for stereotactic radiation).
  • Active uncontrolled systemic bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, which in the opinion of the Investigator makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial
  • Clinically significant active malabsorption syndrome or other conditions such as refractory nausea and vomiting, external biliary shunt, or significant bowel resection likely to affect gastrointestinal absorption of valganciclovir
  • Known contraindications to the ganciclovir class
  • For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, patients with active hepatitis B are excluded; patients with evidence of prior exposure who have a negative hepatitis surface antigen (HbsAg) and who do not require antiviral therapy are allowed. Patients with hepatitis C are allowed but may not be on antiviral therapy during study participation and for two weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1.
  • Known HIV positivity
  • Current treatment with systemic steroids at or above 10 mg/day of prednisone (or its equivalent). Inhalational and topical steroids are acceptable

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GEN2 by intravenous infusion and intratumoral injection.
Time Frame: First 28 days.
The RP2D will be determined by evaluating the number of subjects with treatment related adverse events and Dose Limiting Toxicities
First 28 days.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Safety and tolerability as assessed by adverse event monitoring
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
Adverse events as characterized by type, frequency, severity (graded by NCI CTCAE v 5.0), timing, seriousness and relationship to study therapy
Up to 24 months
To assess replication competent retrovirus (RCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
Time Frame: Up to 36 months
Up to 36 months
To assess vector integration into genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of PBMCs
Time Frame: Up to 36 months
Up to 36 months
Overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors Version 1.1) by Investigator Review
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
ORR is defined as the proportion of participants whose best overall response with confirmation status is rated as (confirmed or unconfirmed) complete response (CR) or (confirmed or unconfirmed) partial response (PR) based on RECIST v1.1.
Up to 24 months
Disease control rate including a best overall response of Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or stable disease (SD)
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
DCR is defined as the proportion of participants whose best overall response with confirmation status is rated as (confirmed or unconfirmed) CR, (confirmed or unconfirmed) PR or stable disease (SD) based on RECIST v1.1.
Up to 24 months
Duration of response (DOR)
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
DOR is measured from the day the criteria are first met for time point overall response rated as CR or PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date of documented radiological disease progression per RECIST v1.1 or death in the absence of progression.
Up to 24 months
Pharmacokinetics (PK) - Intravenous Administration Cohorts Only: area under the concentration-time curve from the time of dosing to 48 hours after dosing (AUC48h)
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
AUC48h will be recorded from the PK plasma samples collected
Up to 24 months
PK - Intravenous Administration Cohorts Only: Maximum Concentration (Cmax)
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
Cmax will be recorded from the PK plasma samples collected.
Up to 24 months
Assess the immunogenicity of GEN2
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
Serial blood samples will be screened for anti-vector antibodies (AVAs) and neutralizing antibodies
Up to 24 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
GenVivo, Inc.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 4, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 19, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 25, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 30, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 11, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Protocol GVO-1102

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Within one year of Last Patient off.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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