Artificial Intelligence-Supported Mobile Application for Diabetes Self-Management

March 24, 2025 updated by: Nilhan Toyer Sahin, Uludag University

The Effect of Web-Based and Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Personalized Applications on Knowledge Levels Compliance with Treatment and Self-Management Among Diabetic Individuals

Patients in the AI-supported mobile application group will be able to log in with a username and password that will be defined specifically for them. Patients will be informed about how the application is used during their first interview. They will enter their personal and disease characteristics (age, gender, height, weight, HbA1C, HDL, LDL) into the application at the entrance. Other sections of the application will include exercise, nutrition, medication tracking, complication tracking and diabetic foot care sections. The person will be asked to enter relevant information in these fields according to their own life and condition (for example; how many times do you use insulin per day, what are your medication times, how do you spend your day in terms of exercise, how many meals do you eat, what is your diet, do you urinate frequently, are you extremely thirsty, are you hungry often, do you have numbness in your hands and feet, etc.). After the patient enters the necessary information, they will also be asked to enter their daily blood sugar measurement values into the system. Thus, the individual's hypo/hyperglycemia risk, risk analysis, nutrition recommendations, medication reminder system, exercise reminder and incentive warnings will be communicated to the individual thanks to the AI-based mobile application. The aim of this application is to reduce the risk of complications and improve the individual's quality of life by providing personalized recommendations for all the needs of the individual, including alarms and reminders, and to support patients to continue their diabetes education and disease management more actively.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

pre-test post-test control group design

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
156

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.
  • Name: Nilhan NŞ Töyer Şahin, PhD Student
  • Phone Number: +905333752295
  • Email: nilhantyr@gmail.com

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Başakşehir
      • İstanbul, Başakşehir, Turkey, 34480
        • Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
          • Nilhan NS TÖYER ŞAHİN, PhD Student

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having been diagnosed with diabetes for at least 1 year
  • Being between the ages of 18-65
  • Being open to verbal communication
  • Being able to read and write and speak Turkish
  • Having a smart android phone and being able to use mobile applications
  • Being willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a perception disorder and psychiatric disorder that prevents the patient from communicating,
  • Having a condition that prevents them from using a smart phone (advanced retinopathy and neuropathy, internet problems)
  • Being on intensive insulin treatment
  • Having a condition that prevents them from continuing the application phase of the study
  • Wanting to leave the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: WEB based application
The content plan for the web-based mobile application group will be prepared with technical support as specified. Patients will be able to log in to the mobile application with a username and password that will be defined specifically for them. Patients will be informed about how the website is used during the first meeting. They will be able to access all the information they need about diabetes with the web-based mobile application. Statistical data such as the frequency of individuals visiting the site, which sections they use more often and how much time they spend will be calculated.
Other: WEB based application
The content plan for the web-based mobile application group will be prepared with technical support as specified. Patients will be able to log in to the mobile application with a username and password that will be defined specifically for them. Patients will be informed about how the website is used during the first meeting. They will be able to access all the information they need about diabetes with the web-based mobile application. Statistical data such as the frequency of individuals visiting the site, which sections they use more often and how much time they spend will be calculated.
Experimental: artificial intelligence-supported mobile application
It is aimed that an artificial intelligence-based mobile application that includes information, nutrition, exercise programs, complications and medication tracking, personalized suggestions, alarms and reminders, which will enable diabetic individuals to follow their glucose targets, support patients in their diabetes education, awareness and disease management to continue more actively. In addition, it is aimed that patients can easily access information, prevent acute and chronic complications, present physical activity and nutrition suggestions in accordance with the person's lifestyle, follow up on medications with alarms and reminders, prevent the negative results of complications in advance, and improve individuals' diabetes-specific knowledge levels, compliance with treatment, self-management and care with information and guidance about foot care to reduce the risk of diabetic feet, which is particularly risky for diabetic patients.
Other: artificial intelligence-supported mobile application
It is aimed that an artificial intelligence-based mobile application that includes information, nutrition, exercise programs, complications and medication tracking, personalized suggestions, alarms and reminders, which will enable diabetic individuals to follow their glucose targets, support patients in their diabetes education, awareness and disease management to continue more actively. In addition, it is aimed that patients can easily access information, prevent acute and chronic complications, present physical activity and nutrition suggestions in accordance with the person's lifestyle, follow up on medications with alarms and reminders, prevent the negative results of complications in advance, and improve individuals' diabetes-specific knowledge levels, compliance with treatment, self-management and care with information and guidance about foot care to reduce the risk of diabetic feet, which is particularly risky for diabetic patients.
No Intervention: control group
No intervention will be applied to the control group, and they will receive routine clinical and outpatient training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS)
Time Frame: 6 months
Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS): This scale was used to measure the behavioral component of individuals in the IMB model. This scale was developed by Schmitt et al. (2013) to examine the relationship between diabetes self-management and glycemic control in diabetic patients (Schmitt et al., 2013). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS) was conducted by Eroğlu and Sabuncu (2018) (Eroğlu and Sabuncu, 2018). The scale consists of 16 items and 4 sub-dimensions and is a 4-point Likert-type. The scale is answered as 3. It suits me very much, 2. It suits me a lot, 1. It suits me a little, 0. It does not suit me at all. Glucose Management subdimension: Items 1, 4, 6, 10, 12 (Items 4 and 12 are about medication use, items 1, 6, and 10 are about blood sugar monitoring). Diet Control subdimension: Items 2, 5, 9, 13. Physical Activity subdimension: Items 8, 11, 15. Use of Health Services subdimension: Items 3, 7, and 14. Item 16 is not includ
6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Adult diabetes knowledge scale (ADSL)
Time Frame: 6 months
Adult diabetes knowledge scale (ADSL): This scale was developed by Erenel Yavuz and Erol (2022) to measure the knowledge levels of adult individuals with diabetes (Erenel Yavuz and Erol, 2022). The scale consists of 5 sub-dimensions and 28 items: General Information About Diabetes (6 items), Blood Sugar Measurements and Values (5 items), Diabetes Risk Factors (4 items), Diabetes Symptoms (8 items), Diabetes Complications (5 items). The scale consists of two sets of items as true and false. Those who answer correctly in the yes/no/I don't know answer type questions are given 1 point, and those who don't know and those who answer incorrectly are given 0 points. The maximum score that can be obtained from the scale is 28, and the minimum score is 0. The Kuder-Richardson-20 reliability coefficient for the entire scale was found to be 0.94. Alpha values in the sub-dimensions are; General Information About Diabetes was found as 0.78, Blood Sugar Measurements and Values as 0.85, Diabet
6 months
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8)
Time Frame: 6 months
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) The MMAS-8 scale consists of 8 items. Each of the first 7 items has 2 possible responses (yes/no), while the 8th item is answered with a 5-point Likert scale. The possible total medication adherence score ranges between 0 and 8, and the higher the score, the better the adherence level. A total score < 6 is considered low adherence, while a total score of ≥ 6 but < 8 indicates moderate adherence, and a score of 8 indicates high adherence.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Uludag University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 18, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 18, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 21, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 24, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2024-12/16

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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