Immunoinflammatory State Detection and Multimodal Brain Imaging and Electrophysiologic Changes in Schizophrenia (SZIM)

July 15, 2026 updated by: Renrong Wu, Central South University
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that seriously affects the health and functioning of patients. Previous studies have found immunoinflammatory abnormalities in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, central nervous system, and neuroimaging of people with schizophrenia, along with therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on schizophrenia. These evidences suggest a close relationship between schizophrenia and immunity and inflammation. Therefore, we consider that the state of immune inflammation is a potential subtype classification basis for schizophrenia, and hypothesize that immune classification based on peripheral-central multidimensional data is related to patient's response to medication and cognition.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a single-center prospective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up of patients with schizophrenia and cross-sectional data from healthy controls matched for sex and age. Participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will receive a 3-month follow-up with clinical information, biological samples, and imaging data collected at baseline, 1st and 3rd months. The aim of this project is to analyze peripheral-central immune-inflammatory performance and changes in patients with different clinical subtypes of schizophrenia through the use of scale assessments, biospecimen analysis, and imaging data. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) is used to evaluate the patient's clinical status; MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) is used to assess cognition; biological samples such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid are used for multi-omics including immunohistology, inflammation-related molecules, single-cell sequencing, and extracellular vesicles; multi-modal imaging scans are used to react to the brain's structure, function, water molecule diffusion properties, and magnetization; EEG is used to react to the electrophysiological situation.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
200

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Hunan
      • Changsha, Hunan, China, 410011
        • Recruiting
        • Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Participants will be recruited from outpatient or inpatient departments.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Clinical diagnosis that meets ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia.
  2. Confirmation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia using the SCID-5-RV.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Clinical diagnosis or SCID-5-RV assessment confirming neurodevelopmental disorders, bipolar and related disorders, substance use disorders (excluding alcohol and tobacco).
  2. Presence of severe or acute physical illnesses, including traumatic brain injury, intracranial space-occupying or infectious diseases, acute cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory system diseases, acute hematological disorders, autoimmune disease, etc.
  3. Presence of clearly defined genetic diseases, including tuberous sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Kleefstra syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), etc.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Individuals with schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Clinical diagnosis that meets ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia.
  2. Confirmation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia using the SCID-5-RV.

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Clinical diagnosis or SCID-5-RV assessment confirming neurodevelopmental disorders, bipolar and related disorders, substance use disorders (excluding alcohol and tobacco).
  2. Presence of severe or acute physical illnesses, including traumatic brain injury, intracranial space-occupying or infectious diseases, acute cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory system diseases, acute hematological disorders, autoimmune disease, etc.
  3. Presence of clearly defined genetic diseases, including tuberous sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Kleefstra syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), etc.
Other: Regular follow-up assessments without intervention.
Participants will receive a 3-month follow-up with clinical information, biological samples, and imaging data collected at baseline, 1st and 3rd months. The baseline assessment will include demographic information, medical history and previous medication use. At baseline and follow-up, patients' physical examination data (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, etc.), clinical symptom assessment scales (PANSS, SANS, SAPS, CDSS, CPSS, CGI, GAF, PSP, and SAS) and MCCB cognitive assessment data, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, MRI, and EEG data will be collected. Collection and store of blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples for routine laboratory tests and multi-omics including immunohistology, inflammation-related molecules, single-cell sequencing, extracellular vesicles, and other assays.
Healthy volunteers
  1. No diagnosis of any mental disorder.
  2. First degree relatives without mental disorders.

Exclusion criteria are the same as for the schizophrenia patient group.
Other: Cross-sectional assessment
Volunteers' physical examination data (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, etc.), scale assessments (SCID, SCL-90, and CPSS) and MCCB cognitive assessment data, blood samples, MRI, and EEG data will be collected. Blood was collected and stored for exploring differences between patients and healthy individuals.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change of clinical symptoms by PANSS
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
The change of PANSS at different follow up timepoint (lower score means a better outcome).
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of peripheral and central inflammatory factors
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid and blood between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of peripheral immune cells
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Compare the intergroup differences and longitudinal changes of immune cells in the blood between patients with schizophrenia, healthy volunteers, and patients with different clinical subtypes.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of MRI
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Compare the intergroup differences and longitudinal changes in brain structure, function, DTI, and QSM between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
EEG physiological detection index
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Detect resting state and task state EEG, analyze and calculate each bandwidth of the EEG (e.g. Alpha, Beta, Theta, etc.) and the functional E/I ratio of EEG power spectrum.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of the MCCB score
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
After assessment at each visit, evaluator convert raw scores to scale scores, then to normalized T scores. T scores of seven domains and composite score are further calculated. Compare the intergroup differences and longitudinal changes of the MCCB score between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.(higher scores mean a better outcome.)
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of autoantibody
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of autoantibody in cerebrospinal fluid and blood between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes of other biological indicators
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of other biological indicators between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of clinical symptoms by Clinical Global Impression
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
The change of Clinical Global Impression at different follow up timepoint (lower score means a better outcome).
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of social function by Personal and Social Performance Scale
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of social function by Personal and Social Performance Scale, higher score means a better outcome.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of Body Mass Index
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
BMI = weight/height^2,To some extent, Body Mass Index(BMI) can represent the situation of peripheral metabolism.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of the level of blood lipids
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Blood lipids include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of waist-hip circumference
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Change of waist-hip circumference,To some extent, waist-hip circumference can represent the situation of peripheral metabolism.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of the level of fasting blood glucose
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of fasting blood glucose.
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
The change of Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms at different follow up timepoint (lower score means a better outcome).
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
Changes of Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms
Time Frame: baseline, 1st month, 3rd month
The change of Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms at different follow up timepoint (lower score means a better outcome).
baseline, 1st month, 3rd month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Central South University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 30, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 2, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Immune inflammation

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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