Cardiovascular Function and Response to Stimulation Within the First Year After Spinal Cord Injury

June 26, 2026 updated by: Einat Haber, Kessler Foundation

Assessing Cardiovascular Effects: Is There a Time Too Early for Spinal Stimulation in Acute SCI? A Year-Long Evaluation of Autonomic Function Following Injury

The study aims to explore how cardiovascular function changes in the first year after a spinal cord injury, and to see how different treatments, like spinal stimulation through the skin (transcutaneous spinal stimulation), affect blood pressure.

The main questions are:

How does stimulation affect blood pressure over the year? What is the level of cardiovascular activation throughout the year?

The study will start during the inpatient stay at the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation and continue after discharge as an outpatient, totaling about 20-29 sessions over the year.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This clinical study investigates the cardiovascular effects of spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) in individuals with recent spinal cord injury (SCI), examining how blood pressure response to stimulation evolves over the first year post-injury. The primary objectives are to determine the optimal timing for initiating scTS for cardiovascular control, characterize blood pressure response evolution to stimulation over one year, and assess autonomic activation patterns through multiple testing methods.

The study will recruit five individuals with recent SCI, specifically targeting those who are 50 days or less post-injury, with an injury level at or above T6, and classified as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A/B. All participants must present with low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension and be between 18-75 years of age.

The study protocol is divided into inpatient and outpatient phases. During the inpatient phase, consisting of 5-11 sessions, participants undergo a basic assessment including autonomic dysfunction questionnaires, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, cold pressor testing, and tilt tests with and without stimulation. The protocol also includes 2-3 days of stimulation mapping.

The outpatient phase spans 15-18 sessions over the remainder of the year. Participants undergo monthly mapping sessions and autonomic dysfunction assessments, with comprehensive autonomic testing conducted at 6, 9, and 12 months post-injury. Throughout both phases, researchers perform stimulation mapping across various spinal segments (thoracic, lumbosacral) using a 5-channel electrical stimulator, while monitoring blood pressure and electromyography to target a blood pressure range of 110-120 mmHg.

The study employs multiple assessment tools, including 70° tilt tests with orthostatic symptom evaluation every 5 minutes, cold pressor tests, autonomic dysfunction questionnaires, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

The study aims to track primary outcomes including blood pressure response to stimulation at different time points, evolution of orthostatic hypotension symptoms and management, and the pattern of autonomic dysfunction development post-injury.

A spin-off study is conducted to determine which cold-pressor intervention yields the most stable and consistent blood pressure response. This supplementary study compares 5 individuals with chronic SCI and 5 able-bodied controls. The findings from this spin-off study will directly inform the intervention protocol used in the main study.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
15

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New Jersey
      • West Orange, New Jersey, United States, 07052
        • Recruiting
        • Kessler Foundation

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

For the main study:

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with a spinal cord injury undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation
  • Between 18-75 years old
  • 7-50 days after injury
  • Injury level ≥ T6 (a cervical or a high-level chest injury)
  • Individuals experiencing low blood pressure after the injury
  • American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A or B

Exclusion Criteria:

  • A ventilator is needed for breathing.
  • Devices such as brain/spine/nerve stimulators, a cardiac pacemaker/defibrillator, or intra-cardiac lines are present in the body.
  • There is a significant disease affecting the blood vessels or signals in the heart, or a recent heart attack (myocardial infarction) has occurred.
  • A new medication has been prescribed to treat blood pressure or a heart problem within the last five days (excluding midodrine).
  • There is a known infection in the body (e.g., urinary tract infection) or a current illness (e.g., recent diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or other blood clotting issues, and/or a pressure injury that might interfere with the study).
  • There is a history of seizures.
  • Pregnancy.

For the spin-off study ice-water vs ice-wrap test (see description in study arms):

____________________________________________________

Inclusion:

Age 18-75.

Inclusion for individuals with SCI:

  • Injury sustained more than 6 months ago
  • Injury level ≥ T6 (a cervical or a high-level chest injury)
  • American spinal injury association impairment scale (AIS) A - D

Exclusion:

Foot lesions, uses a ventilator, devices such as brain/spine/nerve stimulators, significant or recent cardiovascular disease, known infection in the body

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: Testing position and cooling modality for the ice test

As a spin-off of the main study, we aim to determine which cooling modality and body position elicit the most consistent and stable blood pressure response. To do so, we conduct a supplementary experiment involving 5 individuals with chronic SCI and 5 able-bodied controls. Each participant completes two experimental sessions: one in the supine position and one in the seated position. Within each session, participants undergo two tests, separated by a 30-minute rest period:

  1. an ice-water immersion test, in which the foot is submerged in ice water for 3 minutes, and
  2. an ice-wrap test, in which ice packs are applied around the foot and ankle for 3 minutes.

The order of body position and cooling modality is pseudo-randomized. Throughout each test, blood pressure is continuously recorded, and participants rate discomfort or pain at 1-minute intervals.
Procedure: Ice testing
Ice testing is performed using either a 3-minute ice-water immersion or a 3-minute ice-wrap application surrounding the foot. Each participant undergoes both the ice-water and ice-wrap conditions within the same session, separated by a 30-minute interval to allow the foot to return to baseline. Testing is conducted in both the seated and supine positions across two separate sessions, with both the cooling modality and body position randomized.
Other: Main study: assessing the BP changes throughout the first year post SCI
The main study recruits 5 individuals with sub-acute SCI and follows them for one year to evaluate how blood pressure responses evolve during the early post-injury period.
Device: spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation

Stimulation, using the Neostim-5 (Cosyma Ltd.), a 5-channel electrical stimulator, will be administered throughout the study period, beginning shortly after the injury and continuing at regular intervals until one year post-spinal cord injury. It will be performed in two settings:

  1. During seated mapping to identify stimulation sites (potentially T7/8, T11/12, L1/2, and S1/2) and determine stimulation parameters (e.g., frequency, pulse wave, amplitude) that elevate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and maintain it within the target range of 110-120 mmHg.
  2. During 70-degree tilt tests to elicit an orthostatic response (a drop in blood pressure accompanied by symptoms).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Systolic blood pressure in seated mapping sessions
Time Frame: The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.
Spatiotemporal mapping sessions involving stimulation of various spinal segments, utilizing different parameters (e.g., frequency, waveform). A BP response in a mapping session will be defined by a significant increase in SBP of at least 20 mmHg with stimulation compared to baseline SBP (without stimulation)
The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.
systolic blood pressure in a 70 degree tilt
Time Frame: The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately every three months
In this study, tilt-tests are conducted in pairs: first, a standard tilt test (without stimulation), followed by a tilt test with stimulation aimed at preventing orthostatic hypotension. We will compare the drop in systolic blood pressure during the tilt test with stimulation to the drop observed in the standard tilt test.
The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately every three months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
cold pressor test
Time Frame: The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately every three months
In a traditional cold pressor test, the foot is immersed in 0°C ice water, indirectly assessing the degree of sympathetic activation through BP and HR
The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately every three months
24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Time Frame: The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.
Parameters are recorded automatically every 15 min during the day and every 60 min at night. Participants will be asked to take notes regarding BP-related symptoms, activities, and their time points.
The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.
An autonomic dysfunction following spinal cord injury questionnaire
Time Frame: The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.
Assessing the severity and frequency of daily AD and OH episodes and their effect on daily activities
The procedure will be repeated throughout the year, starting shortly after the injury and occurring approximately once a month.

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Blood pressure changes during ice testing (spin-off experiment)
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the second session at 1 month
Change in systolic blood pressure during ice water immersion/ice wrapping, compared to baseline
From enrollment to the end of the second session at 1 month
Pain response to ice testing (spin-off experiment)
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the second session at 1 month
VAS (Visual Analog Scale) pain ratings (a scale of 0 - no pain to 10 - worst pain) are collected every minute throughout the 3-minute ice test to quantify the pain response associated with each testing modality.
From enrollment to the end of the second session at 1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kessler Foundation

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Einat Engel-Haber, MD, Kessler Foundation

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 18, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 18, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 24, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 26, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • R1287-25

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All human subject SCI data will be de-identified. Data shared via a public repository will include demographics (sex, age), injury characteristics (etiology, level and severity of injury), BP measures (systolic, diastolic and heart rate) from mapping, tilt, and 24-hr monitoring data, tilt data (angle, duration, orthostatic questionnaire scores), stimulation data (segment, frequency, amplitude, etc.), responses from the ADF-SCI questionnaire.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Upon completing the data collection, the data will be deposited into a public repository for SCI data

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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