The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on Neuropathic Pain

April 22, 2025 updated by: Adile Nese, University of Gaziantep

The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage Applied to Women With Type 2 Diabetes on Neuropathic Pain

This study is conducted to measure the effect of foot reflexology massage on neuropathic pain in diabetic patients.Is reflexology foot massage applied to type 2 diabetic patients effective on neuropathic pain?

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Controlling pain in individuals with diabetes; It is important for the individual to relax, increase the quality of life, reduce complications and shorten the duration of hospital stay. For this reason, the importance of neuropathic pain and its treatment is increasing in terms of public health. In this study, the effect of foot reflexology massage applied to women with type 2 diabetes on neuropathic pain was measured.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
65

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Gaziantep, Turkey, 27000
        • Gaziantep University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes,
  2. Being 18 years or older
  3. Individuals who do not have any fractures in the extremities, skin diseases, past wound history, open wounds and unilateral or bilateral amputation, tendonitis in the ankle, active foot ulcer and infection.
  4. Those who volunteer to participate in the study,
  5. Those who do not have problems with verbal communication,
  6. Those who have not been diagnosed with any psychiatric disease.
  7. Those with neuropathic pain of 12 points and above according to the LANS score
  8. Patients receiving duloxetine drug therapy
  9. Those who are not pregnant
  10. Patients without peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis and gonatosis will be included in the study. -

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Those who did not agree to participate in the study
  2. Those under 18 years of age
  3. Individuals with no fractures in the extremities, skin diseases, past wound history, open wounds and unilateral or bilateral amputation, tendonitis in the ankle, active foot ulcers and infections.
  4. Those who have problems with verbal communication
  5. Those with neuropathic pain below 12 points according to the LANS score
  6. Patients receiving treatment other than duloxetine drug therapy
  7. Those who are pregnant
  8. Those with any psychiatric disorder
  9. Patients with peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis and gonatosis will not be included in the study.-

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: The effect of reflexology massage on the average pain score
The effect of reflexology massage on neuropathy-related pain score
Other: Foot Reflexology Massage
Reflexology Massage
Other Names:
  • complementary therapy
Experimental: The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage Applied to Women With Type 2 Diabetes on Neuropathic Pain
Other: Foot Reflexology Massage
Reflexology Massage
Other Names:
  • complementary therapy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
pain score
Time Frame: 6 Weeks
visual analog scale:VAS: It is a scale scored between 0 and 10 points. A score of 0 indicates that the patient has no pain, and a score of 10 indicates that the patient has unbearable pain. The patient gives a score between 0 and 10 depending on the pain condition.
6 Weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Four Question Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire
Time Frame: 6 weeks
This questionnaire consists of a total of 10 items; 7 items are related to the quality of pain (burning, painful cold, electric shocks) and its relationship with abnormal sensations (tingling, pins and needles, numbness, itching), and 3 items are related to the clinical examination of the painful area (touch hypoesthesia, pricking hypoesthesia, tactile allodynia). Each item is scored 1 if the answer is yes and zero if no, with a minimum of zero and a maximum of 10 points. In this assessment, a score of ≥4 out of 10 is considered neuropathic pain
6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Gaziantep

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Ersin Akarsu, Gaziantep University Faculty Of Medicine

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Paju, W., Yusuf, R., Nurhidayah, J., Fauzi, A., Bata, V. A., & Agustine, U. (2022). The effect of foot massage on peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetic mellitus: a systematic review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(17), 354-362.
  • de Fátima Megda, L., Terra, A. M. S. V., de Matos, J. B., de Melo Taveira, L., Martínez, B. B., de Cássia Pereira, R., ... & Santos, A. T. S. (2020). Immediate effect of foot reflexology in patients with diabetic neuropathy-Randomized Clinical Trial. Revista Neurociências, 28, 1-22.
  • Ibrahim MM, Rizk SMA, The efficacy of foot reflexology on the reduction of peripheral diabetic neuropathic pain. J Nurs Health Sci. 2018; 7(5): 44-55.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 22, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 22, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 30, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 30, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 22, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Foot Reflexology

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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