Postural Sway of Trunk and Upper Extremity Functional Skills in Atient With Parkinson Disease (pwPD)

December 18, 2025 updated by: Hatice Adiguzel, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Relationship Between Postural Sway of Trunk and Upper Extremity Functional Skills in Patients With Parkinson's Disease(pwPD)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized clinically by motor and non-motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting tremor, and/or rigidity. Among the motor deficits observed in PD, decreased postural control often results in decreased balance. Furthermore, losses in many upper extremity and manual skills are also observed in PD. Loss of postural control is one of the key motor symptoms observed in the advanced stages of PD, increasing the risk of falls. Analysis of postural control deficits is critical for assessing disease progression and treatment planning in PD. In this context, gyroscope-based motion analysis systems are used as a reliable method for assessing trunk sway.Sensory deficits, such as decreased spatial and temporal tactile discrimination thresholds in the fingertips, are also observed in PD. Reaching and grasping deficits are more common when patients have significant difficulty initiating movements toward a target. These patients exhibit deficits in manipulating the hand relative to object geometry. A loss of coordination between reach and grasp timing is observed. These patients generally rely on visual cues to control movement. They experience difficulties in optimal object manipulation due to difficulties planning finger placement.Studies have shown a strong relationship between postural control and fine motor functions. For high-quality distal movement, better proximal stabilization is necessary. During upper extremity functions, the body's center of gravity must shift with arm movements, allowing adaptation to changing gravity. Good trunk control is essential for this dynamic process of maintaining balance. Studies examining this link between trunk control, balance, and hand functions are available in the literature. Among these studies conducted in diverse populations, studies involving PD are very few. In light of this information, our study was designed to investigate the relationship between postural trunk sway and hand dexterity in PD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between postural sway and upper extremity functional abilities in PD.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.
  • Name: hatice Adiguzel tat, Associate Proffessor
  • Phone Number: +903443002647
  • Email: fzthatis@gmail.com

Study Contact Backup

  • Name: Hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Proffessor
  • Phone Number: +903443002647
  • Email: fzthatis@gmail.com

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Onikişubat
      • Kahramanmaraş, Onikişubat, Turkey (Türkiye), 46100
        • Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals aged between 40 and 75 years (n=40±5) who applied to the Neurology Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of KSÜ Training and Research Hospital, diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) by a neurologist, having stage ≤4 on the Modified Hoehn&Yahr (m-HY) scale, and having scores of ≥22 in the educated and ≥18 in the uneducated according to the Mini Mental State Examination, and healthy individuals of a similar age group (n=40±5)

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy individuals aged 40-75 years, diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Association Brain Bank criteria by a specialist neurologist, with a Modified Hoehn & Yahr (m-HY) scale stage ≤4, and with a Mini Mental State Examination score of ≥22 for those with training and ≥18 for those without training, and with no known disease, volunteered to participate in the study.
  • Individuals with no other known neurological and/or systemic disease
  • Individuals without any upper extremity contractures

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with severe balance and walking difficulties
  • Individuals with diagnosed and/or treated psychiatric illnesses who are considered unable to complete the required tests
  • Those taking neuroleptic medications or antidepressants
  • Individuals with orthopedic conditions that interfere with manual dexterity tests, such as severe dyskinesia, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendon injuries, or finger amputations; rheumatological diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; and individuals with any neurological disease other than PD

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
1
Individuals between the ages of 40 and 75 diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n=40±5)
2
Healthy individuals between the ages of 40-75 (n=40±5)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Gyko Device for postural truk stability
Time Frame: first day of the assessment
This device, manufactured by Mikrogate and manufactured in Italy, is used as a portable inertial measurement unit for motion analysis and postural stability assessment. A sensor placed on a sling is used to analyze the displacement of the patient's center of gravity using a computer. The patient is asked to walk for 30 seconds. The data collected includes postural data such as sway length and area, sway excursion speed, and sway frequency. Studies have shown that the device has high absolute and relative reliability and provides measurements consistent with other validation methods . The device's ease of use and portability make it preferred in clinical and sports settings. Furthermore, the data accuracy it provides across different ground conditions and movement patterns has contributed to its widespread acceptance.
first day of the assessment
The 9-Hole Peg Test (DDPT)
Time Frame: Day 1
The 9-Hole Peg Test (DDPT) is a validated test for PD that measures manual dexterity in seconds based on performance (21). The test material consists of nine standard-sized small rods and a nine-hole platform on which to place them. The test will be administered with the patient in a sitting position. The patient will be asked to place nine rods in the round compartment of the box as quickly as possible into the holes of the box, starting from the edge farthest from the compartment and immediately withdraw them from the edge closest to the compartment. The test will begin with the dominant hand, and the time will be measured with a stopwatch, starting when the hand touches the rods and ending when the last rod is placed in the box. The same procedure will be applied to the other hand. In this study, the arithmetic mean of the test times, repeated twice, will be recorded separately for each hand.
Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sosyodemographic form
Time Frame: Day 1
Medical history (disease duration and symptoms), demographic information (age, height, weight, education level), habits, medications, level of dependency in mobility in daily life, use of assistive devices
Day 1
Modified Hoehn & Yahr (m-HY) scale
Time Frame: Day 1
PD disability will be assessed with the m-HY scale: stage 1.0 (unilateral involvement only); stage 1.5 (unilateral and axial involvement); stage 2.0 (bilateral involvement without balance impairment); stage 2.5 (mild bilateral disease with improvement in the pull test); stage 3.0 (mild to moderate bilateral disease; some postural impairment; physically independent); stage 4.0 (severe disability; still able to walk or stand unaided). Symptom severity in PD was graded using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): part I (mental dysfunction and mood); part II (activities of daily living); part III (motor component); part IV (treatment-related complications)
Day 1
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
Time Frame: Day 1
Symptom severity in PD is rated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Several items on this scale assess upper extremity and hand function. The Activities of Daily Living section assesses handwriting, cutting food, and grasping utensils. The Motor section assesses finger tapping, hand movements, and rapid alternating hand movements. These test items are scored from 0 to 4, with 4 representing maximum impairment and 0 representing normal movement ability. The UPDRS is comprised of subsections: Section I (mental dysfunction and mood); Section II (activities of daily living); Section III (motor); and Section IV (treatment-related complications).
Day 1
Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)
Time Frame: Day 1
The test was developed by Folstein in 1975. Its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Güngen et al. in 2002. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), which assesses cognitive functions in five separate sections (orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language), is frequently used and is quite suitable for screening cognitive function in the elderly. A score below 24 on the MMSE indicates dementia, 24-26 indicates mild cognitive impairment, and 26 or above indicates normal cognitive function.
Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Deniz Tuncel Berktaş, Proffessor, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Study Chair: hatice adıgüzel tat, Associate Professor, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Principal Investigator: Yusuf Şinasi Kırmacı, Asisstant Prof, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Study Chair: Asiya Uzun, Asisstant Prof, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Study Chair: abdulkadir ertürk, Msc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Study Chair: Tuğçe Simay Özbay, Msc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  • Study Chair: Buket Tuğan Yıldız, Associate Professor, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 30, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 5, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 18, 2025

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 19, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
December 19, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 18, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Gyko

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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