Tracheostomy Practices in Adult Intensive Care Units: A Multicenter Point-Prevalence Study in Izmir (IZ-TRACH) (IZ-TRACH)

June 16, 2026 updated by: Murat Kaykaç, Izmir City Hospital

Tracheostomy Practices in Adult Intensive Care Units in Izmir, Turkey: A Multicenter Point-Prevalence Study

The primary objective of this study was to determine the point-prevalence of tracheostomy in adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Izmir and to characterize the documented reasons for postponement of tracheostomy, with attention to family-related deferral. Secondary objectives included tracheostomy indications, techniques, complications, timing, the relationship between illness severity (APACHE II) and mortality, and short-term outcomes. This multicenter, descriptive point-prevalence study was conducted across eleven adult ICUs in six hospitals on September 8, 2025. Of 282 adult patients present on the index day, 46 had a tracheostomy and formed the analytic subgroup. The study aimed to provide observational data on how tracheostomy is managed in a real-world clinical setting, focusing on the decision-making process and clinical characteristics associated with patient mortality.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This investigation was designed as a multicentre, descriptive point-prevalence study. On the specified prevalence day, all patients aged ≥18 present on the prevalence day were screened; those with an established tracheostomy formed the analytic subgroup.

The data collection process involved:

  • Documentation of ICU structural characteristics across eleven adult ICUs in six hospitals, including bed capacity and annual tracheostomy volumes.
  • Evaluation of the interval from endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy and identification of documented reasons for any delay.
  • Assessment of the association between APACHE II score and 30-day in-hospital mortality.
  • A 30-day follow-up to assess mortality outcomes and causes of death.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
282

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) present in eleven participating adult intensive care units across six hospitals in Izmir, Turkey, on the point-prevalence day. Patients with a surgical or percutaneous tracheostomy formed the analytic subgroup.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years and older
  • Present in a participating adult ICU on the point-prevalence day

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients younger than 18 years

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Tracheostomy Patients
Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized in intensive care units who have undergone either surgical or percutaneous tracheostomy.
Procedure: Tracheostomy
The application of surgical or percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (Griggs guidewire dilating forceps or Ciaglia single-dilator techniques) for indications such as prolonged mechanical ventilation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
30-day in-hospital mortality from the index date
Time Frame: Up to 30 days after the index day
The proportion of patients who died within 30 days of the index (point-prevalence) date. Because tracheostomies were prevalent (established before the survey), this is a point-prevalence snapshot rather than a procedure-anchored rate.
Up to 30 days after the index day
Point-prevalence of tracheostomy and documented reasons for postponement
Time Frame: Day 1
The proportion of adult ICU patients with a tracheostomy on the index day, and the distribution of documented reasons for postponement of tracheostomy (including family-related deferral).
Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Intubation-to-tracheostomy interval (days)
Time Frame: From endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy, assessed through Day 1
Median days from endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy
From endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy, assessed through Day 1
Distribution of tracheostomy technique (surgical vs percutaneous)
Time Frame: Day 1
Proportion of surgical versus percutaneous tracheostomies.
Day 1
Early and late complication rates by technique
Time Frame: From tracheostomy through Day 1
Proportion of patients with early and late complications, by technique.
From tracheostomy through Day 1
APACHE II score and its discrimination for 30-day mortality
Time Frame: Up to 30 days after the index day
Discrimination (area under the ROC curve) of the admission APACHE II score for 30-day mortality.
Up to 30 days after the index day
Causes of death among non-survivors
Time Frame: Up to 30 days after the index day
Distribution of causes of death among non-survivors.
Up to 30 days after the index day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Izmir City Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Murat KAYKAC, M.D., İzmir City Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 8, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 8, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 8, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 5, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 5, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 11, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 16, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025/352

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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