Health Promotion Education on Adolescent Digital Addiction and Lifestyle

March 18, 2026 updated by: Bedirhan Baykara, Ataturk University

The Impact of Health Promotion Model-Based Education on Digital Addiction and Nutrition-Exercise Behaviors Among Adolescents

Adolescence is defined as a unique period between the ages of 10 and 19, essential for the construction of development and health. During this stage, adolescents exhibit rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth. However, significant health problems may arise during this period that can adversely affect their development.

In the contemporary era, the frequency of digital device use among adolescents is increasing, leading to a heightened risk of digital addiction. Digital addiction has negative impacts on nutritional and exercise behaviors, many of which are preventable and treatable. To improve and promote their health, adolescents require essential education regarding healthy lifestyle behaviors, accessibility to health services, and a safe, supportive environment. Therefore, opportunities must be provided to adolescents to protect and enhance their health. In this context, public health nurses have critical responsibilities within the scope of preventive services. Furthermore, beyond identifying risky health behaviors, public health nurses play a vital role in protecting and promoting adolescent health through their clinical approaches to existing risky behaviors.

Public health nurses can raise awareness among youth regarding healthy nutrition, participation in physical and social activities, the harms of substance abuse (tobacco, alcohol, drugs), violence, and accident prevention. Preventive interventions by nurses targeting the risky health behaviors observed during this period and the potential health problems in adulthood will contribute significantly to the formation of healthy societies.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
76

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Siirt, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 56100
        • Secondary Schools affiliated with Siirt Provincial Directorate of National Education

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a student in the 5th, 6th, or 7th grade.
  • Having signed the informed consent form specifically prepared for the students.
  • Having the informed consent form signed by the parents/legal guardians.
  • Maintaining active student status throughout the duration of the research.
  • Scoring 48 or higher on the Digital Addiction Scale.
  • Having no hearing or visual impairments.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Failure of the student to provide signed informed consent.
  • Failure of the parent or legal guardian to provide signed informed consent.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention Group
Adolescents in this group receive a structured education program based on the Health Promotion Model (HPM), focusing on digital addiction prevention, healthy nutrition, and physical exercise.
Behavioral: Health Promotıon Model-Based Health Education Program
Nursing is a specialized profession dedicated to protecting individual and community health through a holistic approach. Supporting adolescents, who represent the future of society, against addiction and risky behaviors is crucial for public health. Within this framework, providing health education is a fundamental nursing responsibility. Current literature lacks integrated programs that simultaneously mitigate digital addiction and enhance healthy nutrition and exercise behaviors among adolescents. Accordingly, an educational model grounded in Pender's Health Promotion Model has been designed, targeting the appropriate utilization of digital devices alongside healthy lifestyle habits. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of this model through empirical data. Upon establishing its effectiveness, the ultimate goal is to implement this intervention as a standard practice on both national and international scales to improve adolescent well-being.
No Intervention: Control Group
Adolescents in this group do not receive the HPM-based education program and continue with their routine daily activities.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Child-Adolescent Digital Addiction Scale (CADAS) Score
Time Frame: 14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).
Seema et al. (2022) developed the CADAS to evaluate the behaviors and emotions of adolescents aged 11-19 years toward digital devices. Factor loadings ranged from .598 to .759. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .83. The scale consists of a total of 10 items. Example items: "If I can't use my digital device, I feel bored", "If I can't use my digital device, I get grumpy", and "As soon as I put my digital device away, I feel the urge to use it again". There are no reverse items in the scale. The scale is a seven-point Likert-type scale; 1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = somewhat rarely, 4 = so-so, 5 = often, 6 = somewhat often, 7 = very often. The total score obtained from the scale gives the CADAS score.
14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).
The personal information form
Time Frame: 14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).
The personal information form is a form that includes the socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents.
14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale Score (Follow-up)
Time Frame: 14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).
The Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS) is a valid and reliable instrument developed by Yurt (2005) to measure the nutritional and exercise behaviors of individuals aged 11-14. The NEBS is a self-report instrument consisting of 45 items and 4 sub-factors, utilizing a 5-point Likert-type scale. Participants evaluate their behaviors by selecting one of the following responses: (1) 'Does not describe me at all,' (2) 'Describes me a little,' (3) 'Describes me somewhat,' (4) 'Describes me well,' or (5) 'Describes me completely.' The total score is calculated based on the responses given to each item.
14 weeks (6 weeks of intervention + 8 weeks of follow-up after the end of education).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Ataturk University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 29, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 7, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 24, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 2, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 18, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • B.30.2.ATA.0.01.00/253

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

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Dietary Supplements

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