Comparison of Hand Grip Strength in Different Shoulder Positions in Geriatric Individuals: Position-Dependent Strength Analysis

May 9, 2026 updated by: Gulfidan Tokgoz, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Comparison of Hand Grip Strength in Different Shoulder Positions in Geriatric Individuals: Position-Dependent Strength Analysis - A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study With Repeated Measurements

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between hand grip strength, measured in different shoulder positions, and upper extremity muscle strength, and to reveal the clinical significance of position-dependent strength variation.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The method, device, and test position used in measuring hand grip strength can significantly affect the results. Differences in measurement protocols reduce inter-study comparability and highlight the need for standardization (Roberts et al., 2011). However, it is suggested that measurements taken outside the standard position may reflect not only maximal strength but also neuromuscular control and functional force production strategies (Solomon et al., 2020). The question of whether hand grip strength is only an indicator of distal muscle strength or whether it also provides meaningful information about shoulder and upper extremity muscle strength becomes important.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Balıkesir, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Balıkesir University
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Bilal Katipoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
        • Contact:
          • Ebru Tekin, PhD, Lecturer
          • Phone Number: 05301132479
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ebru Tekin, PhD, Lecturer

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals over 65 years of age

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being 65 years of age or older
  • Being an independent volunteer living in the community
  • Being able to actively use the upper extremities
  • Having the cognitive level to understand and follow the measurement instructions
  • Providing written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of severe shoulder pain or rotator cuff pathology
  • Loss of upper extremity function due to rheumatological disease
  • Presence of significant visual or vestibular impairment that may affect measurements
  • Presence of another systemic or musculoskeletal disease that may prevent the safe and accurate completion of tests
  • History of upper extremity surgery or fracture within the last 6 months
  • Failure to provide informed consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Geriartric Indivıduals
This will be done with individuals over 65 years of age.
Other: Muscle Strenght Assessment
Hand grip strength measurements will be performed using a calibrated hydraulic hand dynamometer (JAMAR®). Measurements will be performed according to the standard protocol recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists: the participant will be positioned in a seated position with shoulder adduction and neutral rotation, elbow 90° flexion, forearm in neutral position, and wrist 0-30° extension. Three repetitions will be performed for each position, with a 30-second rest period between repetitions to minimize fatigue, and the highest value (kg) will be used in the analysis. Hand grip strength will be assessed in four different shoulder positions: (1) standard measurement position, (2) shoulder 90° flexion, (3) shoulder 90° abduction, and (4) shoulder 30° extension. The measurement order will be randomized to minimize learning and fatigue effects. All measurements will be performed by the same researcher independent of the researcher performing the measurements.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hand grip strength measurements
Time Frame: 1 day
Hand grip strength measurements will be performed using a calibrated hydraulic hand dynamometer (JAMAR®, Lafayette Instrument, USA). Measurements will be performed according to the standard protocol recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT): the participant will be positioned in a seated position with shoulder adduction and neutral rotation, elbow 90° flexion, forearm in neutral position, and wrist 0-30° extension (Fess and Moran, 1981; Roberts et al., 2011). Three repetitions will be performed for each position, with a 30-second rest period between repetitions to minimize fatigue, and the highest value (kg) will be used in the analysis. Hand grip strength will be assessed in four different shoulder positions: (1) standard measurement position, (2) shoulder 90° flexion, (3) shoulder 90° abduction, and (4) shoulder 30° extension. The measurement order will be randomized to minimize learning and fatigue effects. All measurements will be performed by the same research
1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

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Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 2, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 25, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 1, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 9, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2026/41

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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