Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on Hypoxemia in Pediatric Sedated Bronchoscopy

April 28, 2026 updated by: Diansan Su, Zhejiang University

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on Hypoxemia in Pediatric Sedated Bronchoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Due to children's lower oxygen reserves and higher oxygen consumption, sedation can easily lead to respiratory adverse events such as hypoxemia. It has been reported that the incidence of hypoxemia during pediatric bronchoscopy is high, highlighting that hypoxemia in pediatric painless bronchoscopy is an urgent problem requiring a solution. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy delivers heated and humidified breathing gas with a precisely controllable oxygen concentration, at flow rates exceeding the patient's peak inspiratory flow, directly via unsealed nasal prongs. It is a simple, comfortable, effective, and non-invasive respiratory support method that has been widely adopted in clinical practice. However, the effectiveness of HFNC in pediatric sedation remains unclear. Therefore, this multicenter randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether HFNC can effectively reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia during sedated bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
430

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • China
      • Chongqing, China
        • Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
        • Contact:
          • Ping Xu
    • Zhejiang
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310000
        • The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
        • Contact:
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310000
        • Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
        • Contact:
          • Yue Jin
      • Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310000
        • The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
        • Contact:
          • Han Lin

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 1 year ≤ age ≤ 6 years,
  • Weight ≥ 10 kg,
  • Undergoing elective sedated bronchoscopy,
  • Expected procedure duration ≤ 45 minutes,
  • Written informed consent obtained from the subject's legal guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • preoperative SpO₂ < 95% on room air,
  • Already sedated and tracheally intubated,
  • Known history of pneumothorax, known congenital or acquired upper airway abnormalities (e.g., nasopharyngeal structural anomalies), or history of difficult airway,
  • Coagulation disorders or predisposition to oral/nasal bleeding, mucosal injury, or space-occupying lesions,
  • Severe cardiac insufficiency (< 4 METs), severe renal insufficiency (requiring dialysis), diagnosed severe hepatic insufficiency, Increased intracranial pressure, or ASA classification ≥ IV,
  • Allergy to propofol or sufentanil,
  • Multiple traumatic injuries,
  • Current participation in another clinical trial,
  • Other conditions deemed unsuitable by the investigator.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: High-flow nasal cannula Group
Device: High-flow nasal cannula
Using High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation
Active Comparator: Regular Nasal Cannula Group
Device: Regular Nasal Cannula
Using regular nasal cannula for oxygenation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The incidence of hypoxemia
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
75% ≤ SpO2 < 90% for <60 s
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The incidence of sub-clinical respiratory depression
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
90% ≤ SpO2 < 95%
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
The incidence of severe hypoxia
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
SpO2 < 75% or 75% ≤ SpO2 < 90% for ≥60 s
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
Incidence of Other Adverse Events (Excluding Respiratory-Related)
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
Other adverse events recorded by tools proposed by the World Society of Intravenous Anesthesia International Sedation Task Force
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
Incidence of Other Respiratory-Related Adverse Events
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Incidence of emergence delirium in pediatric anesthesia
Time Frame: Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

Incidence of emergence delirium in pediatric anesthesia- defined as a Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale score ≥10.

Unit of measure: percentage of patients (%).
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours
Length of stay in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
Time Frame: Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

Time from PACU admission until discharge criteria are met (modified Aldrete score ≥9).

Unit of measure: minutes.
Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Zhejiang University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Diansan Su, Zhejiang University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 29, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 28, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 1, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 28, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ZJU2025C226

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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