Effects of Frenkels Exercises and Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Stroke Patients

June 8, 2026 updated by: Riphah International University

Combined Effects of Frenkels Exercises and Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Balance, Coordination and Proprioception in Stroke Patients

To determine the combined effects of frenkel's exercises and electrical muscle stimulation on coordination, balance and proprioception in stroke patients.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Effects of virtual reality and Frenkel's exercises on balance, gait, and quality of life in 36 stroke patients selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (virtual reality) and Group B (Frenkel's exercises).Each intervention was administered three times weekly for 30 minutes per session over six weeks. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. This study concluded that virtual reality training significantly improved balance and quality of life in stroke patients, whereas Frenkel's exercises were more effective in enhancing gait. The effect of PNF with and without EMS on spasticity gait and lower limb function in 22 chronic stroke patient Participants were randomly divided into control group, receiving PNF technique alone and an experimental group, receiving PNF combined with EMS. The PNF technique include rhythmic initiation, stabilizing reversal and dynamic reversal while EMS was applied at frequency of 25 to 50 hertz for 10 seconds three times a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The experiment group showed significant improvement over the control group. The effectiveness of Frankles exercise on balance and Function for post stroke patients on 28 patients who were randomly assigned into two groups. Among them 14 patients were assigned into experimental group received Frankel with Conventional Physiotherapy and another 14 into control group received only conventional physiotherapy. Total treatment sessions were twenty-four comprising of 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. The Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on core muscle activation and physical performance in non-athletic adults data as randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at a single centre to study. Forty-one healthy young volunteers were recruited and randomized into two groups: strengthening with superimposed EMS (S+E) and strengthening (S) groups. Participants underwent the 30 minutes of strength training program, three times a week for 8 weeks, consisting of core muscle exercises. Study concluded EMS as a safe and reasonable modality for improving physical fitness in healthy individuals.Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on function, muscle mass, strength, social participation, and falls-efficacy in older people. Two different exercise groups formed through stratified random sampling, an experimental group (EG), which will undergo WB-EMS training, and an active control group (ACG), which will undergo resistance exercise training. Assessment was calculated at baseline and after eight weeks, three months, and six months after intervention. Study concluded that innovative, time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly individualized exercise technologies (such as WB-EMS) may be a good choice for the elderly with time constraints, physical limitations, or little enthusiasm, who are exercising less than the recommended amounts for impact on muscle mass, strength, and function. The effect of BAPS board versus Frenkel's exercise on balance in stroke patients. 10 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups, BAPS Board training was given to one group and Frenkel's exercise was given to another group for seven consecutive days and its pre and post intervention effect were noted with the help of Berg Balance Scale As per study, it has been concluded that BAPS Board and Frenkel exercise both improve balance in post stroke patient. Limitation of the studies include untreated control group that was absent in this study. Further research is needed to identify specific interventions that enhance recovery of function after stroke. The effectiveness of Frenkel's exercise for improving lower limb sensation, balance, motor function, functional ambulation, and activities of daily living in subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired proprioception. Through retrospective cohort study. He enrolled 14 patients suffering subacute ischemic stroke divided into two groups: intervention group (performed Frenkel's exercise, 15 minutes per day, 15 days over a period of 3 weeks, n=7) and control group (received conventional physical therapy instead, n=7). The study concluded that Frenkel's exercise improves sensory and balance recovery among subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired proprioception and minimal lower limb motor weakness. This study aims to address this gap by providing evidence-based recommendations on combined effect of Frenkels exercise with EMS and tailored exercise strategies for stroke patients

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
38

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Typically 50-65 years old.(14)
  • Both male and female are included
  • Patients with subacute ischemic stroke (hemiplegia).(15)
  • Ability to walk independently for at least 10minutes.(16)
  • Diagnosis of a first-time stroke or without sequel of a previous stroke(15)
  • MOCA score>26 to confirm adequate cognitive function.
  • Brunnstrom exercise recovery stages of 3-4 or higher(17)
  • Voluntarily provided informed consent prior to participating

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with severe cognitive impairment or dementia.(16)
  • Patients with unstable medical conditions, such as uncontrolled hypertension or cardiac disease.
  • Patients with recent surgery or injury that may affect participation in the study.
  • Patients with contraindications to electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), such as unstable cardiopulmonary medical conditions pacemakers or metal implants

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Frenkels exercise with EMS
Participant will receive EMS for 10 minutes and Frenkels exercise for 20 minutes for 3 days per week for 8 weeks
Other: Frenkels exercise with EMS
Group A will include 19 participants. Participant will receive EMS for 10 minutes and Frenkels exercise for 20 minutes for 3 days per week for 8 weeks In Week 1-2 Investigator will apply 50Hz EMS pulse duration of 150 μs, intermittent with 5s of EMS stimulation to perform the movement and 10s of rest stimulation for adaptation while focusing lower limb exercises in according to frenkles exercises for 20 min in lying position Week 3-4: 60 Hz EMS stimulation applied pulse duration of 200 μs, intermittent with 5 s of EMS stimulation to perform the movement and 10 s of rest with frenkles exercises in sitting position Week 5-6 Frequency of 70 Hz pulse duration of 250 μs, intermittent with 5 s of EMS stimulation to perform the movement and 10 s of rest EMS stimulation will be applied with frenkles exercises in standing position Week 7-8: In progression, Frequency of 85 Hz and pulse duration of 300 μs, intermittent with 5 s of EMS stimulation to perform the movement and 10 s of rest
Active Comparator: Conservative Treatment
Participants will receive routine therapy for 30 minutes. It could be hot pack, IR with routine exercises for 3 days per week for 8 weeks.
Other: Conservative treatment

Group B will also include 19 participants. Each participant will receive routine therapy for 30 minutes. It could be hot pack, IR with routine exercises for 3 days per week for 8 weeks.

Weeks 1-2: Initial Phase

  1. Breathing exercises
  2. Range of motion exercises
  3. Seated exercises Weeks 3-4: Strengthening Phase Resistance band exercises: Upper and lower limb strengthening

b) Weight-bearing exercises c) Gait training: Walking with support d) Balance exercises: Weeks 5-6 Functional Phase

  1. Functional activities: Reaching, scooting, transferring
  2. Gait training: Walking without support, navigating obstacles
  3. Balance exercises: Dynamic balance, reaction training
  4. Strengthening exercises:

Weeks 7-8: Advanced Phase

  1. Advanced gait training: Stair climbing, curbs, uneven surfaces
  2. Complex functional activities: Cooking, dressing, household chores

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Time Frame: Baseline and 8th week
It's a 14-item performance-based measure, meaning it assesses how well a person can perform specific tasks related to balance. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores indicating better balance, and a total score range of 0-56.
Baseline and 8th week
The Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA)
Time Frame: baseline and 8th week

NSA is used to evaluate sensory impairments, particularly in individuals who have experienced stroke.

scores ranging from 0 (extreme difficulty/unable to perform) to 4 (no difficulty) for each item.
baseline and 8th week
The Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test (LEMOCOT)
Time Frame: Baseline and 8th Week
(LEMOCOT) scoring scale involves assessing an individual's ability to perform specific lower extremity movements, with scores ranging from 0 (extreme difficulty/unable to perform) to 4 (no difficulty) for each item. The total score is obtained by summing the scores of all items, with a higher score indicating better motor coordination.
Baseline and 8th Week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Riphah International University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Sabiha Arshad, M.Phill, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 20, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 5, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 5, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 11, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • REC/0218 Waneeza Malik

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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