Paracetamol and Cefazolin Pharmacokinetics in Normal Weight and Overweight Children (TISSUE)

May 8, 2026 updated by: University Hospital, Ghent

Pharmacokinetic evaluations will be conducted to characterize the cefazolin plasma concentration-time profile, cefazolin penetration into subcutaneous adipose tissue, and paracetamol metabolization as assessed through blood sampling. The study population consists of children aged 2 to 15 years with either normal weight or overweight. All participants are admitted for a minor elective surgical procedure and will receive paracetamol and/or cefazolin as part of standard perioperative care.

During the procedure, multiple blood and tissue-fluid samples will be collected to quantify paracetamol and cefazolin concentrations in the bloodstream, as well as cefazolin concentrations in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The study aims to characterize drug concentration-time profiles in blood (paracetamol), plasma (cefazolin), and adipose tissue (cefazolin), and to compare these pharmacokinetic parameters between normal-weight and overweight children.

These data are essential to determine whether standard dosing regimens provide adequate drug exposure across different weight categories. Previous research indicates that achieving specific target concentrations in blood and tissue is necessary for optimal therapeutic effect, yet uncertainty remains regarding appropriate dosing in overweight children.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
120

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Belgium
      • Ghent, Belgium, 9000
        • Recruiting
        • Ghent University Hospital, Ghent
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Pieter De Cock, Prof. Apr.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Children undergoing minor elective surgery at Ghent University Hospital

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patient admitted to the operating room for minor elective surgery
  • Patients undergoing general anesthesia for minor elective surgery
  • Patient age: children from 2 years to 15 years
  • Patients receiving cefazolin or paracetamol according to the standard procedure
  • Intra-arterial (preferred) or intravenous access available for blood sampling
  • BMI

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Personal or family history of excessive bleeding
  • Pre-existing coagulopathy and/or thrombocytopenia
  • No catheter available for blood sampling
  • Absence of parental consent
  • Known allergy to one of the components of the study
  • Pregnancy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Standard of Care Paracetamol or Cefazolin treatment in children with normal weight
Drug: Cefazolin
Prophylactic Cefazolin treatment per standard-of-care
Other Names:
  • Cephazolin
Drug: Paracetamol (drug)
Preoperative dose of paracetamol, as per standard-of-care
Other Names:
  • Acetaminophen
Standard of Care Paracetamol or Cefazolin treatment in children with overweight
Drug: Cefazolin
Prophylactic Cefazolin treatment per standard-of-care
Other Names:
  • Cephazolin
Drug: Paracetamol (drug)
Preoperative dose of paracetamol, as per standard-of-care
Other Names:
  • Acetaminophen

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Blood concentrations of paracetamol and its metabolites
Time Frame: Blood VAMS samples collected at day0 (D0): 1) before infusion(D0): predose , 2) 5 minutes after infusion (D0), 3) 5-120 minutes after infusion (D0): distribution phase, 4) 2 hours after infusion (D0), 5) 3-5 hours after infusion (D0): elimination phase
Blood concentrations (mg/L) of paracetamol and its metabolites: glucuronide-, sulfate-, cysteine- and mercapturate-conjugates after a single intravenous perfusion of paracetamol. Samples collected with Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS).
Blood VAMS samples collected at day0 (D0): 1) before infusion(D0): predose , 2) 5 minutes after infusion (D0), 3) 5-120 minutes after infusion (D0): distribution phase, 4) 2 hours after infusion (D0), 5) 3-5 hours after infusion (D0): elimination phase
Cefazolin plasma and tissue concentrations
Time Frame: At D0 sampled: Plasma: 1) predose, 2) 5 minutes after infusion, 3) 5-120 minutes, 4) 2 hours, 5) 3-5 hours; Microdialysis: 1) baseline (-30 - 0 minutes), 2) first 2 hours after dosing (every 30 minutes a sample), 3) next 3 hours (every 1 hour a sample)
Plasma concentrations (mg/L) are stored in heparine blood tubes. Tissue concentrations (mg/L) are collected with a microdialysis device and stored in specific microdialysis vials.
At D0 sampled: Plasma: 1) predose, 2) 5 minutes after infusion, 3) 5-120 minutes, 4) 2 hours, 5) 3-5 hours; Microdialysis: 1) baseline (-30 - 0 minutes), 2) first 2 hours after dosing (every 30 minutes a sample), 3) next 3 hours (every 1 hour a sample)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Biomarkers values: enzymes
Time Frame: Blood was collected togheter with blood sample 4 for cefazolin concentrations, 2 hours after drug administration on day0 (D0)
Determination of the presence and concentration of enzymes based on the values Aspartate aminotransferase (AST; U/L), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT; U/L), and Gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; U/L).
Blood was collected togheter with blood sample 4 for cefazolin concentrations, 2 hours after drug administration on day0 (D0)
Biomarker values: proteins
Time Frame: Blood was collected togheter with blood sample 4 for cefazolin concentrations, 2 hours after drug administration on day0 (D0)
Determination of the presence and concentration of proteins based on the values Bilirubin (total & direct; g/L), serum creatinine (SCR; g/L), total protein (g/L), Albumin (g/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP; g/L).
Blood was collected togheter with blood sample 4 for cefazolin concentrations, 2 hours after drug administration on day0 (D0)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University Hospital, Ghent

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Anca Amza, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent Univeristy

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 22, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 8, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ONZ-2023-0432

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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