Retrospective Analysis of CPET and Cognitive Tests of Healthy Individuals, Treated With 60 Treatment of HBOT (HBOT)

May 17, 2026 updated by: Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center

Retrospective Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests and Cognitive Tests of Healthy Individuals Age 18+ Years, Treated at the Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research With 60 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Treatments.

This retrospective observational study evaluates physiological and cognitive changes following a series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions in healthy individuals. Participants underwent treatment five days per week, each session included 90 minutes exposure to 100% oxygen at 2ATA with a five-minute air break every 20 minutes. Pre- and post-treatment data include cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and standardized cognitive assessments. The study aims to characterize associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance following repeated HBOT exposure in a real-world clinical cohort

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This retrospective observational study analyzes data collected from healthy adults who completed a full treatment series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions at the Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research. Each session included 90 minutes exposure to 100% oxygen at 2ATA with a five-minute air break every 20 minutes

The primary objective is to evaluate physiological adaptations to repeated HBOT exposure using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metrics, including aerobic capacity and exercise performance parameters. A secondary objective is to examine concurrent changes in cognitive function as assessed by standardized neurocognitive testing performed as part of routine clinical evaluation.

The study utilizes de-identified data extracted from clinical records and institutional databases. As a retrospective analysis, no intervention or allocation was performed for research purposes. The study aims to explore potential relationships between changes in physical performance and cognitive outcomes following HBOT in in a real-world clinical cohort

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1000

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This retrospective cohort includes adults treated at the Sagol Center who completed a full course of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions. All participants underwent pre- and post-treatment cardiopulmonary exercise testing and standardized cognitive evaluations as part of routine clinical care. Data were extracted from institutional clinical databases for retrospective analysis.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18-65 years
  • Completed a full treatment series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions at the Sagol Center
  • Availability of pre- and post-treatment cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data
  • Availability of pre- and post-treatment cognitive assessment data

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to complete a maximal CPET test, pre and post HBOT or Missing pre- or post-treatment CPET data.
  • Incomplete HBOT treatment series
  • Missing cognitive assessment data

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Adults Treated With HBOT
Retrospective cohort of adults who completed a full treatment series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions at 2 atmospheres absolute (ATA) breathing 100% oxygen, and were approved for a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Prticipants underwent pre- and post-treatment cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and cognitive assessments as part of routine clinical evaluation.
Other: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - HBOT
60 consecutive hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) sessions, 5 sessions per week within a three months' period

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Exercise Duration During CPET
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Total duration the participant is able to continue the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) protocol until voluntary exhaustion or termination criteria are reached.

Unit of Measure: Minutes
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Peak Workload During CPET
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Highest external work rate achieved during CPET on a cycle ergometer.

Unit of Measure: Watts (W)
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Peak Metabolic Equivalent (METs) During CPET
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Highest metabolic equivalent level achieved during treadmill-based CPET.

Unit of Measure: METs
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Oxygen Uptake (VT1/VT2)
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Oxygen uptake measured at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET, reflecting metabolic transition during exercise. Unit of Measure: mL/kg/min
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Workload
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Workload achieved at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET.

Unit of Measure: Watts (W)
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Ventilatory Threshold Heart Rate
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Heart rate recorded at ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) during CPET. Unit of Measure: Beats per minute (bpm)
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Time to Ventilatory Threshold
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Elapsed exercise time at which ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) are reached during CPET. Unit of Measure: Minutes
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Cognitive Function Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Time Frame: Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)
Change in standardized cognitive performance scores measured before and after completion of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions using NeuroTrax cognitive battery test.
Baseline and post-treatment (approximately 4-6 months)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 30, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 16, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 19, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 17, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 0262-24 ASF

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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