Gingival TrxR1 Expression in Periodontal Health and Periodontitis

May 14, 2026 updated by: Fuat Cetinkaya, Ataturk University

Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Levels in Gingival Tissue as an Oxidative Stress Biomarker in Periodontitis

This study aims to investigate the role of the thioredoxin system in the development and progression of periodontitis. Researchers will examine the levels of specific antioxidant markers, such as thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in gingival tissue samples collected from healthy individuals and patients with different stages of periodontal disease. The goal is to determine if TrxR1 levels can serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing the severity and activity of periodontitis.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Erzurum, Turkey (Türkiye), 25240
        • Ataturk University Faculty of Dentistry

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients visiting the Department of Periodontology at Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry who meet the clinical criteria for health or periodontitis.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between the ages of 18 and 70.
  • Having no known systemic disease.
  • Non-smokers.
  • No history of medication or supplement use in the last 3 months.
  • For the Periodontitis groups: Interdental clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and radiographic bone loss according to 2017 World Workshop criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smoking.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Presence of a systemic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, thyroid disorders, kidney or lung diseases).
  • History of any periodontal surgical procedure within the last 6 months.
  • Use of medication or supplements within the last 3 months.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Healthy Control Group
Systemically and periodontally healthy individuals with no history of bone loss, probing depths ≤ 3 mm, and bleeding on probing < 10%.
Other: Gingival Tissue Analysis
Gingival tissue samples are collected from all participants. These samples are analyzed for Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using spectroscopic methods. Additionally, the expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin (TXN), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is determined through quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and enzyme activity assays.
Stage 1-2 Periodontitis Group
Patients diagnosed with Stage 1 or Stage 2 periodontitis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification, characterized by interdental clinical attachment loss and radiographic bone loss.
Other: Gingival Tissue Analysis
Gingival tissue samples are collected from all participants. These samples are analyzed for Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using spectroscopic methods. Additionally, the expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin (TXN), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is determined through quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and enzyme activity assays.
Stage 3-4 Periodontitis Group
Patients diagnosed with Stage 3 or Stage 4 periodontitis, characterized by severe clinical attachment loss, deep probing depths, and significant radiographic bone loss potentially leading to tooth loss.
Other: Gingival Tissue Analysis
Gingival tissue samples are collected from all participants. These samples are analyzed for Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using spectroscopic methods. Additionally, the expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), thioredoxin (TXN), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is determined through quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and enzyme activity assays.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TrxR1) mRNA Expression Levels
Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)
The expression levels of TrxR1 in gingival tissue are determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). This measure evaluates the potential of TrxR1 as a biomarker for periodontitis severity.
Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Thioredoxin (TXN) mRNA Expression Levels
Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)
Evaluation of TXN gene expression levels in gingival tissue samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) normalized to β-actin.
Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) mRNA Expression Levels
Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)

Evaluation of TXNIP gene expression levels in gingival tissue samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) normalized to β-actin.

Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)
Baseline (at the time of tissue collection)
Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels.
Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection).
MDA levels in gingival tissue homogenates measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay to evaluate lipid peroxidation.
Baseline (at the time of tissue collection).
Glutathione (GSH) Levels.
Time Frame: Baseline (at the time of tissue collection).
GSH levels in gingival tissue homogenates measured using spectroscopic methods to evaluate antioxidant status.
Baseline (at the time of tissue collection).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Ataturk University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 30, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 10, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 14, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 14, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 14, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • B.30.2.ATA.0.01.00/163
  • TDK-2023-13289 (Other Identifier: Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification, will be made available upon request.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data will be available beginning 6 months and ending 36 months following article publication.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Proposals should be directed to turgdemir@hotmail.com. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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