Alleviation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Through Watermelon Rind

May 19, 2026 updated by: Maria Aslam, University of Lahore

Alleviation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Through Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &Amp; Nakai) Rind-based Bread Among Cardiac Patients

To collect data, written consent was obtained from the hospital and university administration. After receiving signed informed consent, the data was collected from cardiac patients.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The target population was adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years who were receiving outpatient care at a hospital or clinic with a diagnosis of either mild to moderate hypertension, mild to moderate alterations in lipid profile or pre-diabetes. To select potential participants from the study population, subjects with a medical history of diabetes, measuring fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and blood pressure were screened.Following screening, participants were divided evenly into three groups: experimental group (1, 2) and one control group. The participants were advised to take 2 slices of bread in breakfast. Individualized plans were given according to their nutrient requirements. A systematic communication plan was developed in order to follow up with participants on their daily consumption of the suggested watermelon rind-based bread through telephonic conversations. For continuous assistance there was a WhatsApp group set up where members may ask issues and get help. The follow up for patients were conducted every month; baseline and after 6 pre-treatments. Appointments for follow-up exams were done after every 15 days in order to track developments, anthropometric measurements were calculated every follow up and modify the dosage as necessary. The baseline and post study test was compared to test the hypothesis.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
120

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
        • University of Lahore

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • The inclusion criterion was target adults with both gender aged 35-65 years. Adults with a diagnosis of mild to moderate hypertension Mild hypertension (140-159/90-99 mm Hg) Moderate hypertension (160-179/100-109 mm Hg) Adults having mild to moderate alterations in lipid profile Triglycerides: 150 to 499 mg/dL LDL-C levels: Mild Alteration (130 to 159 mg/dL) and Moderate Alteration (160 to 189 mg/dL) Adults with pre-diabetes (hbA1c= 5.6-6.4%)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any person allergic to wheat.

    • Any person any person allergic to watermelon rind.
    • Any adult having pancreatitis and hepatitis.
    • Any adults having serious health conditions like cancer.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Placebo Comparator: Control group on whole wheat bread
Participants were only subjected to use Wheat bread in breakfast.
Dietary supplement: Control on Wheat bread
Participants were advised to take Two slices of wheat bread in breakfast for the duration of 02 months.
Experimental: G1 on 40% WRB
Participants were advised to take Watermelon rind-based bread (40% ) in breakfast for the duration of 02 months.
Dietary supplement: Experimental G1 on WRB
Participants were advised to take 2 slices of Watermelon rind-based bread in breakfast for the duration of 02 months.
Experimental: G 2 on 60% WRB
Participants were advised to take Watermelon rind-based bread (60% ) in breakfast for the duration of 02 month.
Dietary supplement: Experimental G2 on WRB
Group 2: Participants were advised to take 2 slices of Watermelon rind-based bread in breakfast for the duration of 02 months.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anthropometric Measurements
Time Frame: 60 days
for body mass index weight in kg and height in meters squared, were used to calculate changes in body size.
60 days
Lipid Profile
Time Frame: 60 days
Blood lipid profile was obtained using fasting blood samples to determine serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides were monitored pre and post intervention.
60 days
Blood pressure
Time Frame: 60 days
Blood pressure was checked using an automated sphygmomanometer. Sitting blood pressure was measured in two ways; systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after 5 minutes rest. For analysis, the average of the three readings were taken.
60 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Lahore

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Maria Aslam, University of Lahore

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 12, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 19, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 8, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 27, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 19, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB-UOL-FAHS/837/2024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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