LLM Intervention for Tobacco in Underserved Populations (LIFT-UP) (LIFT-UP)

June 1, 2026 updated by: University of Utah

This study will test a tailored, multilingual tobacco cessation chatbot called LIFT-UP (LLM Intervention for Tobacco in Underserved Populations), designed to better meet the needs of people living in persistent poverty census tracts.

This study will use 1:1 semi-structured interviews to explore social drivers of health impacting TC, as well as digital access and preferences among those living in PPCTs. This qualitative approach enables guided yet flexible exploration of key domains while capturing unanticipated insights relevant to refining the chatbot.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Tobacco use is a major cause of cancer and is responsible for about half a million deaths in the United States each year. Because of this, helping people stop using tobacco is one of the most important ways to prevent cancer. Although tobacco use has decreased over time, many adults in the U.S. still use tobacco. Many people try to quit each year, but most quit attempts are not successful. One reason is that many people do not use proven, evidence-based quit support, such as counseling or quit medications.

People who live in areas with long-term poverty often face additional barriers that can make quitting harder. These areas may have fewer job and education opportunities, limited access to healthcare and community resources, and higher levels of day-to-day stress (for example, related to financial strain or lack of health insurance). People with lower income are just as likely to try to quit as those with higher income, but they are less likely to quit successfully and are less likely to use evidence-based quitting support. Many persistent poverty areas are also rural and have higher numbers of people who prefer to speak languages other than English, including Spanish, which creates an additional need for bilingual and culturally appropriate quit support.

Digital tools may help increase access to evidence-based tobacco cessation support in these communities. Mobile phone ownership is very common, including among people with lower incomes. However, some smartphone apps require reliable internet access or data plans, which can be a barrier. Text messaging is accessible on nearly all phones, does not require internet access, can be offered in multiple languages, and can be tailored to the needs of the user.

Text-based programs that use artificial intelligence (AI), such as large-language-model chatbots, may be especially useful because they can provide interactive support using natural language and can be delivered at scale. Chatbots have been used successfully in other areas of health, but many existing programs use fixed scripts and may not feel relevant or helpful for all groups. Importantly, most tobacco cessation chatbots have not been designed to address barriers faced by people living in persistent poverty areas.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
22

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Utah
      • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84102
        • Huntsman Cancer Institute/ University of Utah
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Lindsey Potter, MPH, PhD
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Christian Mahony Reategui Rivera, MD, MS

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18+ years old
  • Use ≥3 cigarettes/day on average
  • Motivated to quit in the next 30 days
  • Have a computer or tablet with internet access for 1:1 interviews
  • Speak English or Spanish
  • Home address is in an area characterized by persistent poverty

Exclusion Criteria:

  • None

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Moderated Session
Participants will attend a ~80 minute moderated "think-aloud" session via HIPAA compliant videoconferencing platform.
Behavioral: LIFT-UP Chatbot
LIFT-UP Chatbot will be developed, evaluated, and refined using GARDE-Chat, an open-source chatbot authoring platform that has been used to support the development of chatbot-based interventions tested in large pragmatic clinical trials.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time Frame: up to 1 day

Usability will be measured using the SUS, a questionnaire assessing the perceived usability of a system, product, website, app, or digital intervention. It consists of ten 5-point Likert items ranging from "Strongly disagree" to "Strongly agree".

Scoring follows the standard SUS scoring procedure, for positively worded items, the item score is calculated as response minus 1; for negatively worded items, the item score is calculated as 5 minus the response. The 10 item scores are summed and then multiplied by 2.5 to generate the final SUS score, with higher scores indicating greater perceived usability. Score range: 0-100.
up to 1 day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Usability - Chat Bot Usability Scale (BUS-11)
Time Frame: up to 1 day
Chatbot usability will be measured using the Chatbot Usability Scale (BUS-11). BUS-11 is a measured that assesses users' experiences after interacting with a chatbot or conversational agent. The BUS-11 consists of eleven 5-point Likert items ranging from "Strongly disagree" to "Strongly agree". Each item is coded from 1 to 5, and item scores are summed to create a total score. Higher scores indicate greater perceived chatbot usability. Score range: 11-55.
up to 1 day
Acceptability
Time Frame: up to 1 day
Acceptability will be measured using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM). AIM is an instrument that assesses the perceived acceptability of an intervention. It consists of four 5 point Likert items ranging from "Completely "disagree" to "Strongly agree". Each item is coded from 1 to 5, and the overall score is the mean of the items score. Higher scores indicate greater perceived acceptability of the intervention. Score range: 1-5.
up to 1 day
Digital Working Alliance
Time Frame: up to 1 day
Working alliance in the digital context will be measured with the Digital Working Alliance inventory (D-WAI). D-WAI is derived from the Working Alliance Inventory and measures the perceived working alliance (e.g., traditionally the collaborative bond between therapist and client) with digital interventions. It includes six 7-point Likert items ranging from "Strongly disagree" to "Strongly agree". Each item is coded from 1 to 7, and item scores are summed to create a total score. Higher scores indicate a stronger perceived digital working alliance. Score range: 7-42.
up to 1 day
Perceived cultural fit
Time Frame: up to 1 day
Perceived cultural relevance will be measured using the Cultural Relevance Questionnaire (CRQ). CRQ consists of six 5-point Likert items ranging from "Strongly disagree" to "Strongly agree. Higher scores indicate greater perceived cultural appropriateness/relevance of the intervention. Score range: 5-25. An additional 5-point Likert-like question was added to reflect overall cultural fit perceived by the users.
up to 1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Utah

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Huntsman Cancer Institute

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Chelsey Schlechter, MPH, PhD, Huntsman Cancer Institute/ University of Utah
  • Principal Investigator: Christian Mahony Reategui Rivera, MD, MS, University of Utah

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 26, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 26, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 2, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 1, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HCI199440
  • U54CA280812 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

De-identified data will be shared with only with investigators that have a data sharing agreement through PIVOT.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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