Frailty and Severity as Determinants of Hospital Cost in the ICU (FRESH-ICU)

June 15, 2026 updated by: Jose J Zaragoza, MD MSc, Hospital H+ Queretaro

Frailty and Severity as Determinants of Hospital Cost in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Partial Economic Evaluation.

This study evaluated the association between baseline frailty (mFI-11) and acute illness severity (SAPS 3) with real hospital costs in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The objective was to determine if frailty and severity are independent predictors of resource consumption.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hospital H+ Querétaro involving 142 adult patients admitted to the ICU between January 2024 and May 2025. Baseline frailty was calculated using the 11-item Modified Frailty Index (mFI-11), and acute severity was assessed with the SAPS 3 score. Total hospital costs were obtained from institutional financial records. Multivariate models were used to adjust for comorbidities (Charlson Index) and other clinical variables to identify independent determinants of hospital expenditure.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
142

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Mexico
    • Querétaro
      • Querétaro City, Querétaro, Mexico, 7600
        • Hospital H+ Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Pacientes adultos (≥18 años) admitidos a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital H+ Querétaro entre el 1 de enero de 2024 y el 31 de mayo de 2025. Se incluirán únicamente aquellos con expedientes clínicos completos que permitan el cálculo del índice de fragilidad modificado de 11 ítems (mFI-11), el puntaje de severidad SAPS 3 y el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson, así como disponibilidad de registros institucionales de costos hospitalarios reales. Se excluirán pacientes con información incompleta en variables principales, transferidos de otras instituciones sin datos basales suficientes, con inconsistencias significativas en los registros de costos, o reingresos en los que no sea posible atribuir de manera independiente los costos al episodio índice.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged 18 years or older.
  • Admission to the ICU between January 1, 2024, and May 31, 2025.
  • Complete medical records allowing for the calculation of mFI-11, SAPS 3, and Charlson Index.
  • Availability of institutional records regarding actual hospital costs.Exclusion Criteria:
  • Incomplete records for primary exposure or outcome variables.
  • Patients transferred from other institutions without sufficient baseline data.
  • Severe inconsistencies in cost records.
  • Subsequent readmissions where costs cannot be independently attributed to the index episode.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
ICU Patient Cohort
All adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU during the study period with complete medical and financial records.
Other: Total Real Hospital Cost.
The total monetary expenditure (expressed in Mexican Pesos) generated during the hospital stay, as recorded in the institutional financial database.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Total Real Hospital Cost
Time Frame: From ICU admission to hospital discharge (approximately 17 months of data collection period).
The total monetary expenditure (in local currency) recorded in the institutional administrative database for the hospital episode, from admission to discharge or death.
From ICU admission to hospital discharge (approximately 17 months of data collection period).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hospital H+ Queretaro

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 31, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 27, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 2, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • H+QRO-2026-FRAILTY

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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