Three Photobiomodulation Wavelengths (635, 940, and 1064 nm) on Chronic Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder

June 2, 2026 updated by: Alexandria University

Efficacy of Three Photobiomodulation Wavelengths (635, 940, and 1064 nm) on Chronic Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder A Randomized Clinical Trial

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions associated with chronic orofacial pain and functional disability. Chronic Myogenic TMD (MTMD) is the most prevalent subtype and is characterized by persistent masticatory muscle pain driven by peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. Photobiomodulation (PBM) represents a conservative, non-invasive therapeutic modality within the medical management of TMD; however, the wavelength-dependent clinical and muscular effects remain inadequately defined. Aim: To compare the efficacy of three PBM wavelengths (635, 940, 1,064 nm) on pain intensity, mandibular function, surface electromyographic activity (sEMG), and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients with chronic myogenic TMD.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
45

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
      • Alexandria, Egypt
        • Outpatient Clinic of Oral medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
        • Contact:
          • Faculty of Dentistry
          • Phone Number: (203) 4868308
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Ahmed Shafik, BDS

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients suffering from chronic myogenic TMD based on diagnostic criteria for diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders (DC/TMD) criteria. (pain increases with jaw opening, chewing, or clenching).
  • Patients suffering of unilateral or bilateral chronic pain (> 3 months' duration) related to masseter and temporalis muscles(30).
  • Patients suffering of moderate-to-severe pain intensity ≥ 4 on a 0-10 VAS
  • Patients that have not responded to conservative modes of treatment during the study and up to 3 months after last intervention. (medications, physiotherapy, splints).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients suffering from chronic systematic conditions that alter pain sensitivity; neurological diseases, pain of dental origin, pregnancy or lactation, high blood pressure, diabetes milletus, rheumatic inflammatory disease, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restrictions for the use of laser (pacemakers).
  • Participants on medications that affect pain sensitivity and perception during the last 2 weeks: anticoagulants, analgesics, or antidepressants.
  • History of surgery, arthropathy (joint disorders), facial trauma, malignant tumors or fractures in the orofacial region, neuropsychological or hormonal problems
  • Treatments: orthodontics, splints, major occlusal rehabilitation, prosthodontic therapy, previous PBM, TENS therapy, or botox for TMD in the last 6 months.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: PBM therapy I
Other: 635 nm red diode laser
Participants will receive PBM therapy using a 635 nm red diode laser (Lasotronix), standardized at a fluence of 8 J/cm² for energy density and Irradiance of 0.50 W/cm² power density in continuous wave using PBM applicator (8mm tip) for 16 seconds, near-contact working distance.
Experimental: PBM therapy II
Other: 940 nm NIR diode laser (Biolase)
Participants will receive PBM therapy using a 940 nm NIR diode laser (Biolase), standardized at a fluence of 8 J/cm² and Irradiance of 0.63 W/cm² power density in continuous wave using deep tissue handpiece (10mm tip) for 12.8 seconds.
Experimental: PBM therapy III
Other: 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (Fotona)
Participants will receive PBM therapy using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (Fotona), standardized at a fluence of 8 J/cm² energy density and Irradiance 0.53 W/cm² power density, using a genova handpiece (11mm tip) stamping technique for 15.2 sec.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in subjective Pain Intensity
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks
It will be assessed using both visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline, 7,14,21 days, and 4, 12 weeks
up to 12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in maximum mouth opening
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks
Functional maximum mouth opening (MMO) unassisted and in the pain-free opening range (PFO) by digital caliper at baseline, 7,14,21 days, and 4, 12 weeks.
up to 12 weeks
Change in muscles activity
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks
Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity during rest and maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) activity using surface electrodes
up to 12 weeks
Change in Number of tender points
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks
by palpation pressure of muscles
up to 12 weeks
Change in pressure pain threshold
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks
Pressure pain threshold (PPT) over the most tender point of the masseter and temporalis muscles by a pressure algometer (PA) to measure the degree of tenderness over the most tender points at the muscles
up to 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Alexandria University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 28, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 4, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 2, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 1320 - 04 / 2026

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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