Spatial Orientation, Navigation, and Neuropsychologic Function in Patients With Vestibular Implant

May 30, 2026 updated by: Richard Lewis, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Vestibular Implant Tested in Patients With Peripheral Vestibular Damage: Effects on Spatial Orientation, Navigation, and Neuropsychologic Function

The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, provides information to the brain information about how head acceleration and orientation relative to gravity. Damage to the vestibular system is usually permanent and can contribute to a lower quality of life. The goal of this research is to to examine how vestibular implants (VI) may improve performance of cognitive tasks in patients with severe vestibular damage. These higher-level cognitive behaviors include (1) orientation relative to gravity, (2) navigation, and (3) neuropsychologic function. VI patients will be tested in these three cognitive domains across study sessions: pre-stimulation (VI implanted but stimulation OFF), following chronic stimulation (12 days, VI-ON), and then again 1 month later with the VI turned off. There will be both "true" stimulation experiments during which the VI will provide motion-modulated stimulation and also "placebo" stimulation (no motion cues, tonic stimulus). The order of these experiments will be randomized and separated by 3 months. Researchers will compare VI data in the three cognitive domains (spatial orientation, navigation, & neuropsychologic function) with control data from non-implanted bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) and unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) patients and normal subjects.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This project will test the capability of a vestibular implant (VI) to improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe vestibular damage. At Mass Eye and Ear (MEE), we will test non-implant vestibular patients with differing degrees of vestibular damage. At the University of Geneva (UNIGE), they will recruit and implant patients with severe vestibular and auditory deficits with a combined cochlear and vestibular implant. These are the patients with VIs we intend to test in collaboration with the UNIGE team. Notably, all implant surgeries are done at UNIGE as part of their ongoing vestibular implant research. The team at MEE submitting this CT.gov study is not involved with any aspect of the recruitment, surgery, or post-operative care of the patients receiving implants at UNIGE. We will work with the team at UNIGE to study these patients after they have received the VI on the protocols described below before, during, and after they receive stimulation from the VI. Specifically, we will measure how higher-level behaviors, including spatial orientation, navigation, and neuropsychologic function, are affected by stimulation provided by the vestibular implant, and in parallel will study these behaviors in non-implanted patients with different degrees of vestibular impairment. Our goal is to determine if the cognitive dysfunction experienced by patients with severe vestibular damage can be improved with prosthetic stimulation, findings which would expand the clinical utility of the vestibular implant while concomitantly improving understanding of the role of vestibular information in cognition. Damage to the vestibular periphery is typically permanent and untreatable (aside from physical therapy), and when it is bilateral, can result in severe degradation of vestibular-dependent behaviors. The VI was developed as a vestibular analogue to the widely employed cochlear implant, senses the head's angular velocity in three-dimensions, and provides this information to the brain by stimulating semicircular canal afferents using implanted electrodes. While VI research has progressed from animal models to human patients with vestibular damage, it has focused almost exclusively on eye movements and to a lesser extent balance and gait (although recent human studies also queried subjective measures of dizziness and quality of life). Cognitive processes have been ignored in prior VI studies, even though cognitive symptoms (often referred to as "brain fog") can be prominent and disabling in vestibular-deficient patients. More generally, vestibular contributions to cognition remain controversial and poorly characterized. In this study, we will investigate the effects of VI stimulation on (1) spatial orientation, (2) navigation, and (3) neuropsychologic function by characterizing these behaviors in patients with bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) who have unilateral VIs, with and without chronic vestibular stimulation. To serve as benchmarks for the BVL patients with/without VI stimulation, and to define the effects of vestibular loss on cognitive behavior, we will also study non-implanted BVL and unilateral vestibular loss (UVL) patients and normal subjects. Subjective assessments of cognitive function, dizziness and perceived disability will be also be measured using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and we will also assess more general quality-of-life metrics. We predict that the VI will improve spatial orientation, navigation, and visuo-spatial neuropsychologic function in BVL patients and that these measures will display correlations with the PROMs that characterize symptom severity and quality-of-life metrics. In sum, the proposed work will be the first to examine the capability of chronic VI stimulation to improve the cognitive deficits caused by severe vestibular damage, and will also examine the association between the severity of vestibular damage and the degree of cognitive deficits, and the relationship between vestibular-mediated cognitive deficits and the metrics that quantify subjective disability. This work will advance scientific knowledge while promoting the development of the VI as a therapy that has the potential to improve the clinical status and quality-of-life for vestibular-deficient patients.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
20

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

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Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Switzerland
      • Geneva, Switzerland, 1211 Geneva 4
        • Recruiting
        • Universite de Geneve
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Angelica Perez-Fornos, PhD, DAS

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

  1. Patients receiving vestibular implants at UNIGE:

    Their inclusion criteria are defined as follows:

    • Deaf, scheduled for CI surgery
    • Minimum of five year history of documented absence of bilateral auditory and vestibular function, based on review of their audiograms and vestibular tests.
    • Vestibular testing consistent with BVL
    • No neurologic disease. note: these patients are recruited and implanted by the group at the University of Geneva Hospital (UNIGE) as part of their ongoing research. The study team are not involved in any way with the decision to surgically implant patients with cochlear or vestibular implants, nor are the researchers involved in any way with pre- or post-operative clinical care. The researchers only involvement is to perform the cognitive tests before, during, and after relatively short periods of stimulation using the vestibular implant (VI)
  2. Vestibular patients tested at MEE: vestibular testing consistent with unilateral or bilateral vestibular damage.

Both aspects of the study share the same exclusion criteria:

Exclusion Criteria:

  • No known neurologic or otologic disease other than the vestibular and auditory deficits noted above.
  • Pregnancy. Pregnant women and women up to 4 months postpartum will be excluded because of the known effects and unknown potential effects of pregnancy on sensory function.
  • Body weight >250 lbs (due to motion device safety limits)
  • The chronic use of vestibular suppressant medication (benzodiazepine, antihistamine, anticholinergic)
  • Inability to stand or walk unassisted.
  • Blindness.
  • Unstable medical condition.
  • Orthopedic or musculoskeletal injuries/conditions that affect gait or balance.
  • Ongoing neck or spinal pain/injuries or recent history of neck or spinal surgery
  • Amputation, musculoskeletal deformity, or significant leg-length discrepancy
  • A history of severe head trauma.
  • Any major psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis, schizophrenia, panic disorder), not including anxiety or depression.
  • Severe heart or pulmonary conditions
  • Active cancer for which chemo-/radiation therapy is being received.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: "true" stimulation
tonic + motion-modulated stimulation
Device: vestibular implant stimulation
Two types of stimulation are used, tonic + motion-modulated ("true") & tonic-only ("placebo") stimulation; order is randomized. The VI stimulation period prior to testing is 12 days. For the experiments, the VI is connected to the head-mounted prosthetic circuit and then stimulation is activated. The stimulation unit is the current-balanced biphasic pulse, and the pulse amplitude for each subject is determined through a tuning procedure. Experiments start with an adaptation to tonic baseline stimulation with the head stationary (~30 min). Motion-modulated stimulation employs 3 angular velocity sensors (one aligned with the sensitive axis of each canal), the transduced head velocity signal is high-pass filtered to simulate normal canal dynamics, and filtered head velocity is used to modulate the strength (magnitude, rate) of the electrical stimulation provided by the corresponding implanted electrode. Stimulation strength adjusts for head rotations that change canal afference.
Sham Comparator: "placebo" stimulation
tonic-only stimulation
Device: vestibular implant stimulation
Two types of stimulation are used, tonic + motion-modulated ("true") & tonic-only ("placebo") stimulation; order is randomized. The VI stimulation period prior to testing is 12 days. For the experiments, the VI is connected to the head-mounted prosthetic circuit and then stimulation is activated. The stimulation unit is the current-balanced biphasic pulse, and the pulse amplitude for each subject is determined through a tuning procedure. Experiments start with an adaptation to tonic baseline stimulation with the head stationary (~30 min). Motion-modulated stimulation employs 3 angular velocity sensors (one aligned with the sensitive axis of each canal), the transduced head velocity signal is high-pass filtered to simulate normal canal dynamics, and filtered head velocity is used to modulate the strength (magnitude, rate) of the electrical stimulation provided by the corresponding implanted electrode. Stimulation strength adjusts for head rotations that change canal afference.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Spatial Orientation: Changes in Subjective Postural Vertical
Time Frame: pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Spatial orientation (subjective postural vertical) results are assessed for their accuracy and precision. Tests are repeated to look at changes for pre-stimulation (VI-OFF), following chronic stimulation (VI-ON), and post-stimulation (VI-OFF).
pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Spatial Orientation: Changes in Roll Tilt Perceptual Thresholds
Time Frame: pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Spatial orientation (roll tilt perceptual thresholds) results are assessed for their accuracy and precision. Tests are repeated to look at changes for pre-stimulation (VI-OFF), following chronic stimulation (VI-ON), and post-stimulation (VI-OFF).
pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Changes in Navigation
Time Frame: pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Navigation in a virtual reality visual environment is tested using a 'complete the triangle' task and results are assessed for their accuracy and precision. Tests are repeated to look at changes for pre-stimulation (VI-OFF), following chronic stimulation (VI-ON), and post-stimulation (VI-OFF).
pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Changes in Neuropsychologic Function
Time Frame: pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)
Visuospatial and non-visuospatial neuropsychologic function are assessed using a standard battery of neuropsychologic tests. Tests are repeated to look at changes for pre-stimulation (VI-OFF), following chronic stimulation (VI-ON), and post-stimulation (VI-OFF).
pre-stim, chronic stim (1month + 12 days), and post-stim (1month)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Maastricht University
University of Geneva, Switzerland

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 22, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 31, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 31, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 30, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 30, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 4, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 30, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025P000498
  • R01DC021981 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

IPD Plan Description

Undecided at present

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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