Impact of C-reactive Protein Micromethod Testing in Primary Care on Antibiotics Delivery in Patients With Upper or Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ICARE)

June 2, 2026 updated by: MSPU des 3 Provinces

Impact of C-reactive Protein Micromethod Testing in Primary Care on Antibiotics Delivery in Patients With Upper or Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: a Randomized Pragmatic Intervention Trial

The project is a pragmatic approach to primary care. The main objective is to evaluate the impact of making a CRP measurement device available in primary care general practices on antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract (URT) or lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
140

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • France
    • Franche-Comté
      • Champlitte, Franche-Comté, France, 70600
        • MSPU des 3 provinces

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who have received information and given written consent
  • Patients of any age consulting a general practice with one or more of the following symptoms: fever, cough, arthralgias, myalgias, rhinorrhea;
  • Symptomatology evolving for more than 24 hours;
  • Symptoms associated with an upper respiratory tract infection such as otitis, angina, laryngitis, rhinopharyngitis, sinusitis; and/or a lower respiratory tract infection such as acute bronchitis, pneumonia, exacerbation of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Exclusion Criteria:

These criteria correspond to factors making interpretation of the CRP value difficult:

  • Antibiotics taken in the 15 days prior to inclusion
  • Presence of one of the following signs of severity requiring immediate hospitalization:

Impairment of higher functions (altered consciousness) Sign of severity (Pas<90mmHg; HR>120/min; FR>30 cycles/min) Temperature <35 or >40°c Inhalation pneumonitis

  • Sepsis: organ dysfunction, FR>22cycles/min, PAS≤100 mmHg and Galsgow score ≤ 13(34)
  • Immediate hospitalization
  • Pregnancy
  • Burns
  • Heat stroke
  • Presenting with an associated serious pathology:
  • Associated neoplastic disease in progress
  • Severe liver failure
  • Ischemic or thromboembolic pathology
  • Traumatic pathology
  • Inflammatory rheumatism
  • Autoimmune disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: TROD
The study involves equipping 70 physicians assigned to the experimental group with a TROD (a bedside rapid test)
Diagnostic test: Quick test
The 70 GPs in the intervention arm will be able to measure CRP levels by using the Quick read GO in patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections
No Intervention: Control
The intervention group consists of 70 physicians equipped with a TROD (a bedside rapid test), while the control group comprises 70 physicians without access to a TROD

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Antibiotic dispensing rate
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
This calculated index is defined by the French health insurance scheme as the "number of antibiotic treatments per 100 patients aged 16 to 65 / attending physician". It is expressed as a percentage.
through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
antibiotics prescriptions in other unit of measure
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
defined daily doses delivered per 1000 patients in both groups (doctors with or whitout TROD)
through study completion, an average of 1 year
Factors influencing the modulation of antibiotic dispensing
Time Frame: baseline and one year

factors may be influence the modulation of antibiotic dispensing:

  • age of physician in year (age group or average age)
  • physician gender, qualitative data (number of male gender or number of femal gender)
  • practitioner training supervisor or not, qualitative date "yes" or "not"
  • physician geographical location, qualitative data (rural or urban)
  • type of exercice, qualitative data (medical center or single exercice)
  • seasonal effect, comparison of various parameters according to the winter or summer period
  • volume of patients followed by years (number of patients treated by the general practitioner by year)
  • type of patients followed : number of patients with or without long-term illness followed by the GP, age (years) of patients followed by the GP, gender of patients (in number or percentage) followed by the GP
baseline and one year
Evolution of antibiotic dispensing in the daily delivered dose in both GP's groups (doctors with and without TROD)
Time Frame: baseline and 3 months, baseline and 6 months, baseline and 1 year, between winter and summer period
temporal variability in the daily delivered dose of antibiotics prescriptions in both GP's groups (doctors with and without TROD)
baseline and 3 months, baseline and 6 months, baseline and 1 year, between winter and summer period
Complementary radiological and biological examinations
Time Frame: one year
  • number of chest X-rays prescribed in both groups (doctors with and without TROD)
  • number of biological examinations (blood counts, CRP, ferritinemia, firinogen, urine cytobacteriological examination) prescribed in both groups (doctors with and without TROD);
one year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
MSPU des 3 Provinces

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 14, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 14, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 14, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 28, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 2, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2022-A00747-36

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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