Relationship Between Knee Pain And Proprioception During Single Leg Squat In Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PPS)

June 6, 2026 updated by: Esraa Adel El-sayed Bastawi, Cairo University
This study will be conducted to investigate the relationship between knee joint pain intensity and joint position sense accuracy in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in a single-leg squat position.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most prevalent knee problems that interfere with everyday activities and function. The prevalence of Patellofemoral pain syndrome varies, affecting between 22% and 40% of the general population and up to 70% in athletes engaged in running and jumping sports, with a higher incidence reported among females and individuals aged 15-30 years.Impaired proprioception and balance are recognized as intrinsic components in the etiology of PFPS, and research shows that PFPS patients have severe abnormalities in these domains when compared to healthy controls, particularly when performing dynamic tasks. The impaired balance and proprioception are hypothesized to result from altered neuromuscular control, decreased muscle strength, or changes in sensory feedback, which are crucial for maintaining stability and control over movements.The correlation between proprioceptive deficits and PFPS highlights the significance of including balance and proprioception-focused interventions in the PFPS treatment plan, as these can greatly enhance pain, function, and quality of life for those who are impacted. Addressing these deficits may not only improve symptoms associated with PFPS but also reduce the risk of further injury and enhance overall knee function.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has specifically correlated knee JPS in a WB position (single-leg squat position) with PFPS. Thus, findings of this study might enhance the evidence-based clinical decisions made by the physical therapists regarding the management of PFPS, justifying for the patients the value of integrating proprioceptive and motor control training alongside traditional strengthening programs to improve functional outcomes. By addressing the neuromuscular factors linked to pain, rehabilitation strategies can become more precise and function-oriented, ultimately improving quality of life and physical performance.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
82

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

eighty two patellofemoral pain syndrome had Positive eccentric step test,Anterior or retropatellar knee pain present during at least two of the following - ascending/descending stairs, hopping/running, squatting, kneeling and prolonged sitting and Pain on palpation of patellar facets. their ages between 18-35 years old.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ranges from 18-35 years
  • BMI ranges from 18-25 kg/m2
  • Positive eccentric step test
  • Anterior or retropatellar knee pain present during at least two of the following - ascending/descending stairs, hopping/running, squatting, kneeling and prolonged sitting
  • Pain on palpation of patellar facets
  • Insidious onset of symptoms vague and non-localized pain at anterior of knee for at least three months ( unrelated to a traumatic incident.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Knee pain is more than 6 score on ANPRS.
  • History of traumatic patellar dislocation or subluxation
  • Osteoarthritis in the knee, ankle or hip joints, injury of cruciate ligaments or menisci
  • Previous orthopedic disorders or neurologic deficit of the lower limbs, any sensory problems, leg length discrepancy, neuromuscular disease like multiple sclerosis
  • Athletic patients.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
patellofemoral pain syndrome patients
Eighty-two patellofemoral pain syndrome patients will be included in this group. their ages range from 18 to 35 years old, with body mass index 18-25 kg/cm2
Other: patellofemoral pain syndrome patients
eighty two patellofemoral pain syndrome had Positive eccentric step test,Anterior or retropatellar knee pain present during at least two of the following - ascending/descending stairs, hopping/running, squatting, kneeling and prolonged sitting and Pain on palpation of patellar facets. their ages between 18-35 years old.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
pain intensity
Time Frame: up to one day
nemerial pain rating scale will be used to assess pain intensity. It comprises of 11 point ''horizontal scale'' of 0-10 in Arabic numerals anchored by the two ends, the left (0 indicating no pain at all) and right (10 indicating the worst ).
up to one day
knee disability
Time Frame: up to one day
The Arabic version of the Kujala patellofemoral pain scoring system is a questionnaire to assess the patient with PFP. It includes 13 points based on the following factors: presence of a limp, need for support, walking ability, stair climbing, squatting, running, jumping, prolonged sitting with knees flexed, pain, swelling, abnormal painful kneecap movement, atrophy of the thigh, and flexion deficiency. Each question has multiple answers with points reflecting the severity of symptoms and level of functional limitation. Each question is assigned a score of either up to 5 or 10, and the total score for the Kujala questionnaire is 100. The higher the score, the better the function
up to one day
knee joint position error (knee joint proprioception)
Time Frame: up to one day
Digital-goniometer will be used to assess joint position error.the digital-goniometer will be attached to the knee joint in the neutral knee position. The fixed arm will be placed in parallel to an imaginary line between the head of the fibula and the lateral malleolus. The movable arm will be placed in parallel to an imaginary line between the greater trochanter and the lateral condyle of the femur. The digital-goniometer will be zeroed when the subject is standing motionless in the anatomic position. To prevent slippage during knee joint motion, the end blocks will be adhered to the tested leg with double-sided adhesive tape and further secured in place with adhesive tape. Digital-goniometer readings records knee joint angular displacements relative to zero
up to one day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Cairo University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 20, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 11, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 11, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • P.T.REC/012/006507

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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