Knowledge and Attitudes About Advanced Maxillofacial Imaging in Dental Professionals (KAAMI)

June 14, 2026 updated by: Sonia Egido Moreno, University of Barcelona

Knowledge and Attitudes About Advanced Maxillofacial Imaging (CBCT, TC, RM, PET/TC y SPECT/TC) in Dental Professionals

Introduction:

Advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques, such as CBCT, CT, MRI, and hybrid modalities (PET/CT and SPECT/CT), have transformed diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry. However, their increasing availability poses challenges related to the appropriate indication, interpretation, and application of radiation protection principles. Previous studies suggest variability in the level of knowledge and attitudes of dental professionals, which can impact the quality of care and patient safety.

Objective:

To evaluate and compare the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques among general dentists, dentists with postgraduate training, undergraduate/master's students in dentistry, and maxillofacial surgeons.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study will be conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to general dentists, specialists, and students. A non-probability convenience sampling method will be used, with an estimated sample size of 220 participants. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS (version 31.0.1.0), establishing a significance level of p < 0.05. A descriptive analysis of the variables will be carried out, expressing qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages, and quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation or median and range, depending on their distribution, which will be assessed using normality tests.

For bivariate analysis, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used to compare the level of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels between groups, according to the data distribution, with post-hoc analysis in case of significant differences. Ordinal variables, such as the frequency of test requests, will be analyzed using chi-square tests.

Associations between variables will also be explored using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square tests, depending on the nature of the data.

Expected conclusion:

This study will allow us to identify differences in knowledge and attitudes between groups, as well as detect training needs, contributing to optimizing clinical practice and radiological safety in dentistry.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels of dental professionals and dental students regarding the use of advanced maxillofacial imaging modalities, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), medical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). These imaging techniques play an increasingly important role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient management within dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The study will employ a cross-sectional survey design using a structured questionnaire distributed to dentists, dental specialists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and undergraduate and postgraduate dental students. The questionnaire will assess participants' educational background, clinical experience, familiarity with advanced imaging modalities, understanding of radiological principles, confidence in image interpretation, and attitudes toward the clinical use and prescription of these examinations. The project seeks to identify potential differences among professional groups and educational levels, as well as factors associated with greater knowledge and more appropriate use of advanced imaging technologies. Particular attention will be given to awareness of radiation protection principles and the appropriate indication of imaging examinations in dental practice. The findings are expected to contribute to the identification of educational needs and support the development of targeted training strategies aimed at improving diagnostic decision-making, patient safety, and the quality of radiological practice in dentomaxillofacial healthcare.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
220

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.
  • Name: José López-López, Doctor
  • Phone Number: 0034 606457362
  • Email: jl.lopez@ub.edu

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of dental professionals and dental students, including general dentists, dentists with postgraduate training, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, undergraduate dental students, and postgraduate dental students. Participants will be recruited to assess their knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and clinical practices regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging modalities, including CBCT, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

General dentists, dentists with postgraduate training, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, undergraduate dental students, or postgraduate dental students.

Ability to read and understand the questionnaire language. Willingness to participate and provide informed consent. Completion of the study questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria:

Refusal or inability to provide informed consent. Incomplete or partially completed questionnaires. Duplicate questionnaire submissions.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Dental professionals and dental students
Individuals involved in dental education or clinical dental practice, including general dentists, dentists with postgraduate training, undergraduate dental students, graduate students, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, participating in a survey assessing knowledge and attitudes regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging modalities.
Other: Submit a questionnaire
Participants will complete a structured, self-administered online questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and clinical practices regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging modalities, including CBCT, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Level of knowledge regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques (CBCT, CT, MRI, PET/CT and SPECT/CT)
Time Frame: Baseline (at questionnaire completion)
Knowledge score obtained from the structured questionnaire assessing theoretical knowledge of advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques.
Baseline (at questionnaire completion)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Barcelona

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Hospital Odontològic UB

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 8, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 14, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 14, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • rxquestionnaire
  • 15/2026 (Other Identifier: Comitè d'Ètica i Investigació amb Medicaments)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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