Cerebral Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Open Cardiovascular Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Programs: A Methodological Study (NIRS for AI)

June 12, 2026 updated by: Antalya Health Sciences University

INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION OF THE PROXIMITY TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF CEREBRAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAMS: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY

The aim of the present study is to test the accuracy and reliability of AI tools in this regard by interpreting NIRS, which we routinely use for monitoring cerebral perfusion in cardiovascular surgery, with AI tools and comparing this interpretation with the interpretations of two clinicians.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

First described more than 40 years ago, this technology is a non-invasive monitoring method based on the fact that near infrared light can penetrate biological tissue, providing real-time and non-invasive information about tissue oxygenation and metabolism. Furthermore, in a clinical setting, NIRS can provide clinicians with potentially valuable information in patients with systemic and/or cerebral microcirculation disorders. NIRS is used to assess brain oxygenation, as well as to monitor local tissue and muscle oxygenation and tissue perfusion. Clinical applications of this technology include cerebral and cardiac monitoring, detection of global or regional low cardiac output status (LCOS), evaluation of treatment response, and prognosis determination. Open heart surgery is a complex surgery requiring a multidisciplinary approach. During this surgery, the heart is usually stopped, and its function is performed by the heart pump. During this time and throughout the entire operation, vital organs must be closely monitored, and adequate tissue oxygenation must be ensured. The human brain is one of the organs with the highest oxygen consumption. Therefore, it is extremely sensitive to hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, it has been noted that decreased brain oxygen saturation may be associated with postoperative neurological dysfunction and worse neurocognitive outcomes. Cerebral NIRS is increasingly being used in clinical settings to monitor brain oxygenation. This new and non-invasive technique can also function as a warning sign of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Additionally, real-time brain oxygenation monitoring with cerebral NIRS can be useful in detecting ischemic events during cerebrovascular procedures. Furthermore, NIRS-based management strategies aim to promote tissue oxygen delivery (including optimizing oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration and the intelligent use of intravenous fluids and inotropic drugs) while reducing tissue oxygen consumption (by reducing metabolic demand, including analgesics, sedation, and temperature control). This method, evaluated and administered only by anesthesiologists, allows us to routinely monitor brain oxygenation during the procedure and interpret it clinically, enabling us to intervene accordingly. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools today, the literature contains studies analyzing the clinical use and suitability of the most frequently used AI tools, such as Chat GPT (GPT-5.5), Google Gemini (Gemini 3.1 Pro), and Microsoft Copilot (365 Copilot Premium). However, the number of such studies in the literature is quite limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test the accuracy and reliability of AI tools in this regard by interpreting NIRS, which we routinely use for monitoring cerebral perfusion in cardiovascular surgery, with AI tools and comparing this interpretation with the interpretations of two clinicians.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
63

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Muratpaşa
      • Antalya, Muratpaşa, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Antalya Training and Researching hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients aged 18-65 years with ASA scores I-III and BMI <30 kg/m2 who are scheduled for elective open heart surgery will be included.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • open cardiac surgery
  • elective open heart surgery
  • aged 18-65
  • ASA score I-III
  • BMI <30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

  • past ischemic event
  • carotid arter stenosis
  • BMI >30 kg/m2
  • serious liver or kidney disease
  • ASA 4 ve more
  • anatomical abnormality at probe site
  • history of mental or neurological disease,
  • history of previous intracranial aneurysm or intracranial tumor surgery
  • history of moderate or severe pulmonary disease,
  • emergency surgery

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
CHATGPT GROUP
Other: CHATGPT GROUP
CHATGPT responses
CLINICIAN GROUP
Other: CLINICIAN GROUP
CLINICIAN responses
GEMINI GROUP
Other: GEMINI GROUP
GEMINI responses
COPILOT GROUP
Other: COPILOT GROUP
COPILOT responses

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Clinical Experience
Time Frame: 12 hour
The proximity of AI programs to the clinical experience
12 hour

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Antalya Health Sciences University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Tayfun Sugur, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 10, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 10, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 12, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 9/4

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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