Cardiovascular Assessment 5 Years After MIS-C

June 15, 2026 updated by: Medical University of Warsaw

Cardiovascular Evaluation 5 Years After Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection that frequently affects the cardiovascular system. Although acute cardiac abnormalities usually resolve, the long-term cardiovascular consequences of MIS-C remain uncertain. Previous follow-up of this cohort 2 years after MIS-C identified signs of subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities compared with healthy controls.

This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate cardiovascular health in individuals 5 years after MIS-C. Participants with a history of MIS-C will be compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls using cardiovascular imaging, vascular assessments, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and biomarkers of endothelial injury.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiovascular involvement is common during the acute phase of the disease and may include myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, hypotension, and coronary artery abnormalities. Although most patients experience rapid clinical recovery following immunomodulatory treatment, the long-term cardiovascular consequences of MIS-C remain incompletely understood.

The investigators previously evaluated cardiovascular health approximately 2 years after MIS-C and found evidence of subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities, including higher blood pressure values, increased concentrations of biomarkers associated with endothelial injury, and increased carotid intima-media thickness compared with healthy controls. These findings suggested that vascular changes may persist beyond the acute phase of the disease.

The aim of the present study is to assess cardiovascular health 5 years after MIS-C and to determine whether cardiovascular abnormalities remain detectable in long-term follow-up.

This is a cross-sectional study with a healthy control group. The MIS-C group will consist of individuals who were hospitalized with MIS-C at the Department of Pediatrics of the Medical University of Warsaw Children's Clinical Hospital between October 2020 and February 2021. Healthy controls will be recruited from primary care clinics and matched to the MIS-C group by age and sex.

All participants will undergo a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation including:

  • laboratory testing (complete blood count, fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile);
  • assessment of endothelial injury biomarkers, including galectin-3, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1);
  • arterial stiffness assessment using pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity measurements;
  • carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) ultrasound;
  • transthoracic echocardiography;
  • cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer.

The primary outcome is aortic (central) systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes include peripheral blood pressure, vascular stiffness parameters, carotid intima-media thickness, echocardiographic parameters, cardiopulmonary exercise test results, and concentrations of galectin-3, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1. Outcomes will be compared between participants with a history of MIS-C and healthy controls to determine whether subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities persist 5 years after MIS-C.

The study is expected to provide important information regarding the long-term cardiovascular health of post-MIS-C patients and may help identify individuals who could benefit from ongoing cardiovascular surveillance.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
90

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Poland
    • Masovian Voivodeship
      • Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
        • Recruiting
        • Medical University of Warsaw Children's Clinical Hospital
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Study Population

MIS-C group: Individuals hospitalized at the Children's Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) between October 2020 and February 2021.

Control group: Healthy age- and sex-matched individuals recruited from primary care clinics in Warsaw.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • For the MIS-C group: History of MIS-C diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria
  • For all participants: Written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian and, where applicable, assent/consent from participants aged 16 years or older /

Exclusion Criteria:

MIS-C group:

  1. Known heart disease, including congenital heart disease.
  2. Significant chronic disease affecting growth, development, or daily functioning.

Control group:

  1. Elimination diet.
  2. Competitive athletic training.
  3. Known heart disease, including congenital heart disease.
  4. Significant chronic disease affecting growth, development, or daily functioning.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
MIS-C group
Children and young adults 5 years after MIS-C
Healthy controls
Children and young adults without significant chronic disease, frequency-matched to the MIS-C group by age, sex, and BMI.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Aortic (central) systolic blood pressure
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Central systolic blood pressure measured using pulse wave analysis.
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Peripheral blood pressure
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Arterial stiffness
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Vascular stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis-derived parameters
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Carotid intima-media thickness
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Carotid intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Endothelial injury biomarker concentrations
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Serum concentrations of galectin-3, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Echocardiographic parameters
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Cardiac structure and function assessed by transthoracic echocardiography
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary response assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer.
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes between MIS-C participants and healthy controls
Time Frame: At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis
Comparison of cardiovascular, vascular, and endothelial function parameters between participants with a history of MIS-C and healthy controls.
At the study visit, approximately 5 years after MIS-C diagnosis

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Medical University of Warsaw

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 22, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 15, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KB/86/2025
  • 2W9/1/M/MGN25 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Medical University of Warsaw)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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