VR Simulation-Based Implanted Port Catheter Training in Nursing Students

June 25, 2026 updated by: Pinar Zorba Bahceli, PhD RN, Izmir Bakircay University

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Simulation-Based Implanted Port Catheter Training on Knowledge, Learning Satisfaction and Motivation in Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Implanted port catheter care is a critical clinical skill in oncology nursing, requiring accurate knowledge, aseptic technique, safe procedural practice, and early recognition of potential complications. This parallel group randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality simulation-based implanted port catheter training in undergraduate nursing students. Eligible second-year nursing students will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. All students will receive a two-hour traditional implanted port catheter training session in the classroom setting. In addition to traditional training, students in the intervention group will receive virtual reality simulation-based training consisting of two scenarios: safe implanted port catheter access and extravasation/complication management. The control group will receive only traditional training.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being 18 years of age or older
  • Being an undergraduate nursing student
  • Having completed the Internal Medicine Nursing course
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study
  • Providing written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having any communication barrier that may prevent participation in the study or completion of the study forms
  • Having neck pain or neck injury severe enough to prevent head movement
  • Having a visual problem that prevents safe use of the virtual reality application
  • Experiencing severe nausea or dizziness during the virtual reality application
  • Having a diagnosed history of epilepsy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Virtual Reality Simulation-Based Implanted Port Catheter Training Group
Nursing students in this group will receive a two-hour traditional implanted port catheter training session in the classroom setting. In addition to traditional training, they will receive virtual reality simulation-based implanted port catheter training consisting of two structured scenarios: safe implanted port catheter access and extravasation/complication management.
Behavioral: Virtual Reality Simulation-Based Implanted Port Catheter Training
The virtual reality simulation-based implanted port catheter training will be provided in addition to traditional classroom-based training. The VR training will be delivered individually using a Meta Quest 3 headset and will consist of two structured scenarios. The first scenario will focus on safe implanted port catheter access, line verification, flushing, dressing, and documentation. The second scenario will focus on recognition and management of suspected extravasation or related complications during an ongoing infusion. Each scenario is expected to last approximately 10 minutes, with a total VR training duration of approximately 20 minutes. The VR system will provide an interactive, standardized, and repeatable learning environment and will generate performance indicators related to students' procedural steps, critical errors, and complication management decisions.
No Intervention: Control Group
Nursing students in this group will receive only a two-hour traditional implanted port catheter training session in the classroom setting. They will not receive virtual reality simulation-based training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Implanted Port Catheter Knowledge Assessment Checklist Score
Time Frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention
The primary outcome is the change in students' implanted port catheter knowledge score from baseline to immediately after training. Knowledge will be assessed using the Structured Implanted Port Catheter Knowledge Assessment Checklist. The outcome will be evaluated by comparing the change in knowledge score from baseline to after training between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate a higher level of knowledge regarding implanted port catheter care and application.
Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention
Change in Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale Score
Time Frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention
Students' satisfaction and self-confidence related to the learning experience will be assessed after the intervention using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale. The satisfaction-related score will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning.
Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention
Change in Instructional Materials Motivation Survey Score
Time Frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention
Nursing students' motivation toward the instructional material will be assessed baseline and after training using the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale. Motivation scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Higher scores indicate higher motivation toward the instructional material.
Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Implanted Port Catheter Application Performance Score
Time Frame: During the virtual reality simulation session, immediately after completion of each VR scenario
The implanted port catheter application performance score will be assessed only in the intervention group during the virtual reality simulation session. This score will be generated by the virtual reality system and will include performance indicators related to routine implanted port catheter application and extravasation/complication management. The score will reflect students' completion of procedural steps, critical safety actions, errors, and complication management decisions during the VR scenarios. This outcome will be analyzed as an intervention-group-specific secondary process outcome and will not be used for between-group effectiveness comparison because the control group will not be exposed to the virtual reality simulation environment. Higher scores indicate better implanted port catheter application performance in the VR simulation environment.
During the virtual reality simulation session, immediately after completion of each VR scenario

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Izmir Bakircay University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 21, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 4, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 28, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 29, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 29, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2026/2823

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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