Gestational Changes in Hemodynamics and Respiratory Mechanics in Association With Pre-Eclampsia (TREMOFLO)

September 24, 2026 updated by: Angela Bianco, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

TREMOFLO: Gestational Changes in Hemodynamics and Respiratory Mechanics in Association With Pre-eclampsia

This study focuses on elucidating the changes of hemodynamics assessed by USCOM and respiratory mechanics assessed by impedance oscillometry (IOS) over the course of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Additionally, to understand how these changes over the course of gestation relate to the development of preeclampsia.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
100

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10029
        • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Angela Bianco, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients attending prenatal visits at Mount Sinai will be screened for eligibility by study staff.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant patient
  • Aged 18-50 years old
  • Planning to deliver in Mount Sinai Health System

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Multiple gestation (i.e., twins)
  • Known fetal anomalies or genetic abnormalities

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: COHORT
  • Time Perspectives: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Observational Group

During pregnancy and the post-partum period, participants enrolled in this study will have observational hemodynamic and oscillometer measurements taken which will be analyzed alongside individuals' pregnancy outcomes as they relate to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and, specifically, pre-eclampsia.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Stroke Volume
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each heartbeat.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Cardiac Output
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

The total volume of blood pumped out of the heart and into the rest of the body with each heartbeat.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

The level of force (or resistance) against which the heart must work to pump blood into the circulatory system.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Cardiac Index
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A measure of the pumping capacity of the heart, calculated by dividing one's cardiac output by their body surface area.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R5
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A respiratory measure of the resistance across all airways, both large and small, using 5Hz soundwaves.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R20
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A respiratory measure of the resistance across central/large airways only, using 20Hz soundwaves.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
X5
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A respiratory measure of the elasticity of airways using 5Hz soundwaves to calculate the difference in energy to and from lung tissue.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Fres
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

This denotes the Resonant Frequency, which measures the frequency of soundwaves required to balance the internal forces of the lung tissue with its external capacity.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
AX
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

Called the Area of Reactance, this is the measure of the area under the curve from the lowest measured frequency to the Resonant Frequency, and reflects the dysfunction of small airways.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
R5-R20
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A measure isolating the resistance of small airways, subtracting the R20 value from the R5 value to calculate the difference. Greater levels of this value correspond to greater small airway resistance.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Gestational Hypertension
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A state of high blood pressure triggered by the physiological changes specific to pregnancy.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Preeclampsia
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A pregnancy-related complication characterized by high blood pressure and systemic organ dysfunction that can be life-threatening.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Fetal Growth Restriction
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A complication where the fetus is growing much less than expected for the gestational age of the pregnancy (i.e., estimated fetal weight and/or fetal abdominal circumstance less than the 10th percentile).
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

The spontaneous (labor not induced) delivery of a pregnancy before 37.0 weeks of gestation.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Placental Abruption
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

A serious complication where the placenta detaches from the inside of the uterus prior to the delivery of the baby.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wherein a greater level of clinical surveillance and intervention is administered for higher severity cases.
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum
Number of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes
Time Frame: 1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

Any adverse health outcomes experienced by the neonate following delivery (i.e., hypoglycemia, tachypnea, respiratory distress, acidemia).
1st Trimester at 8-14 weeks, 2nd Trimester at 22-28 weeks, 3rd Trimester at 34-40 weeks, and 4-12 Weeks Postpartum

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Angela Bianco, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 8, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 24, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY-26-00575

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All of the individual participant data collected during the trial after deidentification.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Immediately following publication with no end date.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. To achieve aims in the approved proposal. Proposals may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication. After 36 months the data will be available in our University's data warehouse but without investigator support other than deposited metadata. Information regarding submitting proposals and accessing data may be found at (Link tbd).

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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