Multiple Micronutrient Versus Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Women in Indonesia

July 21, 2026 updated by: Dr. Rosdiana Syakur, Indonesia Timur University

Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Versus Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation on Maternal Nutritional Biomarkers and Birth Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Indonesia

Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy may affect the mother's nutritional status and the baby's growth. This study compared two types of daily supplements for pregnant women: a multiple micronutrient supplement and an iron and folic acid supplement.

Pregnant women in Indonesia who were at 12 weeks of gestation or earlier were randomly assigned to receive one of the two supplements for eight weeks. The study measured maternal body weight, mid-upper arm circumference, hemoglobin concentration, and serum zinc concentration before and after supplementation. Infant birth weight and the occurrence of low birth weight were assessed after delivery.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether multiple micronutrient supplementation produced greater improvements in maternal nutritional indicators and birth outcomes than iron and folic acid supplementation.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial comparing daily multiple micronutrient supplementation with daily iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Indonesia. Participants received the assigned supplement for eight weeks. Maternal anthropometric and biochemical indicators were assessed before and after the intervention, and birth outcomes were assessed after delivery.

This study was registered retrospectively because prospective registration was inadvertently omitted during study initiation. Information entered in this record was derived from the original study protocol and available study documentation.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
66

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Indonesia
    • Central Java
      • Purwodadi Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia, 90222
        • Puskesmas Grobogan

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women at 12 weeks of gestation or earlier Aged 18 to 40 years No diagnosed chronic disease Willing to complete all study procedures Provided written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

Severe pregnancy complications Known allergy to any supplement ingredient Inability to communicate adequately with the research team Planned relocation from the study area within the following six months

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation
Participants assigned to this arm received one multiple micronutrient supplement daily for eight weeks.
Dietary supplement: Multiple micronutrient supplementation
One tablet was administered orally once daily for eight weeks.
Other Names:
  • MMS
Active Comparator: Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation
Participants assigned to this arm received one iron and folic acid supplement daily for eight weeks according to the applicable antenatal supplementation standard.
Dietary supplement: Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation
One tablet was administered orally once daily for eight weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Maternal Body Weight
Time Frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in maternal body weight calculated as the value measured after eight weeks of supplementation minus the baseline value, expressed in kilograms.
Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in Maternal Mid-Upper Arm Circumference
Time Frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in maternal mid-upper arm circumference calculated as the value measured after eight weeks of supplementation minus the baseline value, expressed in centimeters.
Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration
Time Frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

Change in maternal hemoglobin concentration calculated as the value measured after eight weeks of supplementation minus the baseline value, expressed in g/dL.

Time Frame:
Baseline and 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Indonesia Timur University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 25, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 21, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 21, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 49/Kom.etik/VI/2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared because the informed consent obtained from participants did not include permission for sharing individual-level data with external researchers.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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