Comparative Effectiveness of Available Treatments for Sinus and Ear Infections in Children (Acute Otitis Media) (MEASURE)

July 23, 2026 updated by: Nader Shaikh
This study is being conducted at multiple hospitals and clinics to better understand whether antibiotics truly help children feel better when they have an ear infection (acute otitis media). Children in the study are randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to receive either amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, or a placebo (a look-alike medicine with no active antibiotic). Neither families nor study staff know which treatment the child is receiving during the study. The main goal is to compare how severe children's symptoms are each day while on these treatments. Parents or caregivers will report symptoms daily using a simple electronic diary. The study will also look at whether certain factors such as how sick the child is at the start, presence of fever, age, or how well antibiotics work. The results will help guide better treatment decisions for children with ear infections.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to better understand whether the choice of antibiotic affects symptom burden in children with acute otitis media (AOM). Children enrolled in the study are randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, or a matching placebo. Neither the families nor the study team know which treatment a child is receiving during the study period. The primary objective is to compare average daily symptom severity across treatment groups using validated caregiver-reported symptom scales collected through daily electronic diaries. Analyses will account for baseline symptom severity and a combined fever/age category (temperature ≥38.5°C or age <12 months). The goal is to provide rigorous, comparative evidence on antibiotic use in this common pediatric infection to support more informed clinical decision-making and responsible antimicrobial prescribing. The study will also look at whether certain factors such as how sick the child is at the start, presence of fever, age, and how well antibiotics work. The results will help guide better treatment decisions for children with ear infections.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1100

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Colorado
      • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80204
    • North Carolina
      • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
        • Duke University Hospital
        • Contact:
    • Ohio
      • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229
        • Cincinnati Children's Hospital
        • Contact:
    • Pennsylvania
      • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
        • UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Nader Shaikh, MD
    • Washington

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria

  • Age 6 months to <36 months.
  • Clinical diagnosis of AOM.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Known allergy or other contraindication to oral amoxicillin or clavulanate
  • Prior use of systemic antibiotics in the last 7 days
  • History of renal impairment
  • History of hepatic impairment
  • Phenylketonuria or allergy to aspartame
  • History of craniofacial abnormalities
  • Concurrent bacterial infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy (e.g., pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis)
  • Ill appearance, systemic toxicity, or immunodeficiency
  • Incomplete pneumococcal vaccination, defined as receipt of fewer than three doses of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
  • Parent or caregiver unable to complete study surveys in English or Spanish
  • Previous randomization into either MEASURE trial within the last 6 months
  • Mastoiditis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Temperature ≥39°C and AOM-SOS score ≥35
  • Cochlear implants
  • Spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation with otorrhea at presentation (participants who develop perforation and otorrhea after consent remain eligible)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Amoxicillin
Participants randomized to this arm will receive oral amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). Caregivers will complete daily electronic symptom diaries throughout the treatment period.
Drug: Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin administered orally at protocol-specified, weight-based dosing consistent with standard pediatric treatment guidelines for AOM, for the defined treatment duration.
Active Comparator: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
Participants randomized to this arm will receive oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of AOM. Caregivers will complete daily electronic symptom diaries throughout the treatment period.
Drug: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
Amoxicillin-clavulanate administered orally at protocol-specified, weight-based dosing consistent with standard pediatric treatment guidelines for AOM, for the defined treatment duration.
Placebo Comparator: Amoxicillin Placebo
Participants randomized to this arm will receive a matching oral placebo for the treatment of AOM. Caregivers will complete daily electronic symptom diaries throughout the treatment period.
Drug: Amoxicillin Placebo
Matching placebo administered orally according to the same dosing schedule and treatment duration as the active comparator arms
Placebo Comparator: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Placebo
Participants randomized to this arm will receive a matching oral placebo for the treatment of AOM. Caregivers will complete daily electronic symptom diaries throughout the treatment period.
Drug: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Placebo
Matching placebo administered orally according to the same dosing schedule and treatment duration as the active comparator arms

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Average Daily Symptom Burden
Time Frame: Days 1-10
Symptom burden measured daily using the Acute Otitis Media Severity of Symptoms Scale (AOM-SOS Version 6.0). AOM-SOS scores range from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms. Daily scores are averaged over Days 1-10
Days 1-10

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Safety Outcome: Diarrhea
Time Frame: Randomization through Day 10
Occurrence of diarrhea, defined as at least 3 watery stools in one day or at least 2 watery stools per day on two consecutive days.
Randomization through Day 10
Recurrence of Acute Sinusitis or Acute Otitis Media
Time Frame: Days 11-90
Occurrence of one or more new episodes of clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis or acute otitis media following resolution of the index episode.
Days 11-90

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Nader Shaikh

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Nader Shaikh, MD, University of Pittsburgh

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 18, 2031

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 17, 2032

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 23, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 23, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 28, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 23, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY26010103 (AOM)
  • PLACER-2024C3-42497 (Other Grant/Funding Number: PCORI)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) underlying the results reported in publications and the final study report, including relevant data dictionaries and metadata necessary to interpret the data, will be shared in accordance with PCORI's Policy for Data Management and Data Sharing. The shared data set will include the final cleaned and locked analyzable data set used for primary and secondary analyses reported from the study. Data will be de-identified in accordance with applicable federal and institutional privacy requirements, including the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Supporting documentation necessary to reproduce study findings and facilitate secondary analyses will also be made available.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

De-identified IPD and supporting documentation will become available after publication of the primary study results and completion of PCORI's peer review and public release process, and no later than 12 months following publication of the primary results. Data and supporting documentation will remain available for at least seven years following study completion, consistent with PCORI policy requirements.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Access to de-identified IPD and supporting documentation may be provided to qualified researchers for scientifically sound secondary research purposes, consistent with participant informed consent, institutional review board (IRB) requirements, and applicable laws and regulations. Requests may require submission of a research proposal, statistical analysis plan, and execution of a data use agreement. Data will be shared through a secure institutional or repository-based mechanism determined by the study team and sponsoring institution. Access decisions will be reviewed by the study investigators and/or designated data access committee in accordance with institutional and PCORI data sharing policies.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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