Wand STA vs SleeperOne for Pediatric Local Anesthesia (WASO-Kids) (WASO-Kids)

August 4, 2026 updated by: Victoria Katechi, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Acceptance of Two Computer-controlled Anaesthetic Delivery Systems in Paediatric Patients

This randomized, single-blind, split-mouth trial compares the acceptance of two computer-controlled local anaesthetic delivery (CCLAD) systems - Wand® STA and SleeperOne⑤ - in children aged 4-9 years undergoing comparable bilateral dental treatment. Each child receives local anaesthesia via both devices at separate visits, with pain, behaviour, heart rate, and oxygen saturation recorded at each session, to determine whether the two systems differ in child acceptance and physiological response.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
72

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Non-contributory medical history
  • At least one tooth requiring the same treatment on each side of the same jaw
  • Teeth on both sides with normal periodontium and no periapical pathology (confirmed radiographically)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age outside 4-9 years
  • History of psychiatric or developmental illness, or allergies
  • Use of analgesic medication in the preceding 12 hours
  • History of unpleasant dental treatment experiences

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Wand STA → SleeperOne
Participants received local anaesthesia using the Wand® STA computer-controlled delivery system at the first treatment session, followed by the SleeperOne⑤ system at the second session, for comparable bilateral dental treatment (split-mouth design).
Device: Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (pressure-sensing, single-tooth anesthesia type)
A computer-controlled device that delivers local anesthetic through a pen-like handpiece at a constant, programmable flow rate and pressure. Incorporates pressure sensing to enable single-tooth anesthesia via periodontal ligament or infiltration delivery with minimal soft-tissue numbness. Articaine 1:200,000 was administered via this system at one of the two study visits, according to randomized sequence assignment.
Device: Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (corded, pen-style electronic type)
A corded, pen-style computer-controlled device that delivers local anesthetic at a programmable injection speed across conventional, intraligamentary, and, in suitable cases, intraosseous techniques. Articaine 1:200,000 was administered via this system at one of the two study visits, according to randomized sequence assignment.
Experimental: SleeperOne → Wand STA
Participants received local anaesthesia using the SleeperOne⑤ computer-controlled delivery system at the first treatment session, followed by the Wand® STA system at the second session, for comparable bilateral dental treatment (split-mouth design).
Device: Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (pressure-sensing, single-tooth anesthesia type)
A computer-controlled device that delivers local anesthetic through a pen-like handpiece at a constant, programmable flow rate and pressure. Incorporates pressure sensing to enable single-tooth anesthesia via periodontal ligament or infiltration delivery with minimal soft-tissue numbness. Articaine 1:200,000 was administered via this system at one of the two study visits, according to randomized sequence assignment.
Device: Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (corded, pen-style electronic type)
A corded, pen-style computer-controlled device that delivers local anesthetic at a programmable injection speed across conventional, intraligamentary, and, in suitable cases, intraosseous techniques. Articaine 1:200,000 was administered via this system at one of the two study visits, according to randomized sequence assignment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Assessed at the end of each anaesthesia session, at both the first and second study visits
Time Frame: Periprocedural
After the second anaesthetic injection, children rated their pain or discomfort using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, administered by a trained examiner blinded to which device had been used. The scale presents six faces corresponding to scores of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, where 0 indicates "no hurt" and 10 indicates "hurts worst"; higher scores indicate greater pain (a worse outcome). Children selected the face that best matched how they felt immediately after the injection
Periprocedural
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Score During Local Anaesthesia Injection
Time Frame: Immediately following completion of the first local anaesthesia injection, prior to the start of dental treatment
After each anaesthetic injection, children rated their pain or discomfort using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, administered by a trained examiner blinded to which device had been used. The scale presents six faces ranging from 0 (no hurt) to 10 (hurts worst), with children selecting the face that best matched how they felt. Scores were recorded once per session, after the first (Wand® STA or SleeperOne⑤, per randomized sequence) and again after the second anaesthetic delivery visit, allowing comparison both between devices and between sessions.
Immediately following completion of the first local anaesthesia injection, prior to the start of dental treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Katechi, NKUA

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 5, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 30, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 16, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 4, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 634/26.02.2024

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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