Artificial Intelligence-Supported Individualized Discharge Education After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

August 20, 2026 updated by: Melike ERTEM, Izmir Katip Celebi University

The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Individualized Discharge Education on Postoperative Recovery After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence-supported individualized discharge education on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. A total of 80 patients will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. Both groups will receive standard discharge education, while the intervention group will additionally receive individualized discharge education generated with artificial intelligence based on patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, health literacy level, and learning needs. The intervention will be structured according to Gagné's instructional events and will include the teach-back method to assess understanding. Outcomes will include readiness for hospital discharge, postoperative recovery, satisfaction with discharge education, self-care adherence, complications, and unplanned health care use. Assessments will be conducted before discharge, on the day of discharge, and during follow-up after discharge.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Patients undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting will be enrolled and allocated to intervention and control groups using stratified randomization based on age, sex, and health literacy level. Randomization within each stratum will be performed using Randomizer.org.

Patients in the control group will receive the routine standard discharge education used in the cardiovascular surgery clinic. This education will include wound care, medication use, nutrition, physical activity, follow-up appointments, and warning signs after discharge.

Patients in the intervention group will receive the same standard education plus artificial intelligence-supported individualized discharge education. Individualized educational content will be prepared using standardized prompts adapted to each patient's age, sex, education level, health literacy, comorbidities, and surgical characteristics. The educational process will be structured according to Gagné's instructional events, including gaining attention, recalling prior knowledge, providing guidance, eliciting performance, and providing feedback. Teach-back questions will also be individualized to evaluate patient understanding and identify learning needs.

Baseline assessments will be performed 24-48 hours before discharge. Post-intervention assessments will be completed on the day of discharge. Follow-up assessments will be conducted on postoperative day 10 and at 1 month after discharge through clinic visits, telephone interviews, and patient records. Clinical outcomes will include postoperative recovery, readiness for discharge, discharge education satisfaction, self-care and medication adherence, complications, emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions.

Personally identifiable patient information will not be entered into the artificial intelligence system. All artificial intelligence-generated educational content will be reviewed by the research nurse and the relevant physician for clinical accuracy, safety, comprehensibility, and appropriateness before being delivered to patients.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older.
  • Having undergone elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.
  • Ability to communicate in Turkish.
  • No cognitive or communication impairment that would prevent participation in the study.
  • Voluntary agreement to participate in the study and provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Refusal to participate in the study or failure to provide written informed consent.
  • Age under 18 years.
  • Inability to communicate in Turkish.
  • Cognitive impairment, delirium, dementia, or a severe psychiatric condition preventing completion of the data collection tools.
  • Having undergone emergency surgery.
  • Presence of a severe postoperative complication preventing delivery of the planned discharge education.
  • Inability to be reached during the follow-up period.
  • Incomplete completion of the data collection forms.
  • Withdrawal from the study at any stage.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Artificial Intelligence-Supported Individualized Discharge Education
Participants in this arm will receive the routine standard discharge education plus artificial intelligence-supported individualized discharge education tailored to their age, sex, education level, health literacy, comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and individual learning needs. The educational process will be structured according to Gagné's instructional events and will include the teach-back method to assess understanding.
Behavioral: Artificial Intelligence-Supported Individualized Discharge Education
Participants will receive individualized discharge education supported by artificial intelligence in addition to routine standard discharge education. The content will be tailored to individual characteristics, health literacy, comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and learning needs. The education will be structured according to Gagné's instructional events and will include the teach-back method.
Active Comparator: Standard Discharge Education
Participants in this arm will receive the routine standard discharge education provided in the cardiovascular surgery clinic, including information on wound care, medication use, nutrition, physical activity, follow-up appointments, and warning signs after discharge.
Behavioral: Standard Discharge Education
Routine discharge education provided in the cardiovascular surgery clinic, including wound care, medication use, nutrition, physical activity, follow-up appointments, and warning signs after discharge.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postoperative Recovery Assessed Using the Post-Discharge Surgical Recovery Scale
Time Frame: 10 days and 1 month after discharge
Postoperative recovery will be assessed using the Post-Discharge Surgical Recovery Scale. The scale consists of 15 items, each scored from 1 to 10. The raw total score ranges from 15 to 150. Higher scores indicate better postoperative recovery. The scale evaluates postoperative recovery across areas including pain, mobility, self-care ability, activity level, and return to daily life.
10 days and 1 month after discharge
Unplanned Health Care Utilization Assessed by Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Readmissions
Time Frame: Within 30 days after discharge
Unplanned health care utilization will be assessed based on emergency department visits and hospital readmissions occurring during the 30-day period after discharge. Information will be obtained through patient follow-up and, when available, verified using hospital records.
Within 30 days after discharge

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Readiness for Hospital Discharge Assessed Using the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Short Form
Time Frame: Baseline (24-48 hours before hospital discharge) and within 1-3 days after the intervention
Readiness for hospital discharge will be assessed using the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Short Form. The scale consists of 8 items, each scored from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater readiness for hospital discharge. The scale assesses physical readiness, energy, knowledge regarding post-discharge care, ability to manage daily and personal care needs, and expected support after discharge. The scale will be administered at baseline and again on the day of hospital discharge to evaluate change in readiness for discharge.
Baseline (24-48 hours before hospital discharge) and within 1-3 days after the intervention
Satisfaction With Discharge Education Assessed Using the Discharge Education Satisfaction Scale for Surgical Patients
Time Frame: Within 1-3 days after the intervention
Satisfaction with discharge education will be assessed using the Discharge Education Satisfaction Scale for Surgical Patients. The scale consists of 21 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 21 to 105, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the discharge education received. The scale assesses patients' satisfaction with the adequacy, clarity, and content of discharge education.
Within 1-3 days after the intervention
Postoperative Complications Assessed Through Patient Follow-up and Medical Records
Time Frame: Within 30 days after discharge
Postoperative complications will be assessed through patient follow-up and medical records. Complications of interest will include surgical site infection, arrhythmia, and respiratory complications. When available, complication data will be verified using hospital records.
Within 30 days after discharge

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Izmir Katip Celebi University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 20, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 12, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 20, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 20, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KVC-AI-2026-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared because no IPD sharing plan was specified in the study protocol or informed consent documents.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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