Effectiveness of Serious Games on Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning

September 1, 2026 updated by: Do Thi Kim Chi

The Effectiveness of Serious Games in Improving Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning in Vietnam

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of serious game-based learning compared with conventional learning in improving clinical reasoning among nursing students in Vietnam. Additionally, the study will assess students' self-confidence in pediatric nursing care, intrinsic motivation, and satisfaction with the learning experience. A minimum of 104 second-year nursing students will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (serious game-based learning) or the control group (conventional learning). Both groups will receive six teaching sessions based on the content of the Pediatric Care Nursing curriculum, conducted outside the formal curriculum, with each session lasting approximately three hours. Outcomes will be measured at multiple time points, while learning satisfaction will be assessed immediately after completion of the intervention.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
104

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Vietnam
      • Hà Nội, Vietnam
        • Bach Mai Medical college, Bach Mai hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Thi Kim Chi Do

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Second-year undergraduate nursing students.
  • Students who have not previously taken the Pediatric Care Nursing course

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Students who do not agree to participate in the study.
  • Students who are repeating the Pediatric Care Nursing course.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: intervention Group
Participants assigned to this group will receive serious game-based learning based on the content of the Pediatric Care Nursing course. The intervention will be delivered over six teaching sessions conducted outside the formal curriculum, with each session lasting approximately three hours.
Behavioral: Serious game - based learning
Participants in the intervention group will receive six weekly serious game-based learning sessions. Each 3-hour session will include a lecture, serious game play, group presentation, discussion, and reflection.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Participants assigned to this group will receive conventional learning based on the same Pediatric Care Nursing course content over six teaching sessions conducted outside the formal curriculum, with each session lasting approximately three hours.
Behavioral: Conventional teaching
Participants in the control group will receive traditional teaching covering the same topics as the intervention group. The intervention will be delivered in one 3-hour session per week for up to 6 weeks. Each session will consist primarily of instructor-led lectures using presentation slides. Clinical scenarios will be presented by the instructor through lecture slides without small-group discussion. Question-and-answer activities will be conducted after the lecture.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Clinical reasoning
Time Frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow up at one-month post intervention.
This study will use the Vietnamese version of the 16-item Clinical Reasoning Scale (CRS) to measure nursing students' clinical reasoning ability. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 16 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater clinical reasoning ability.
Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow up at one-month post intervention.
clinical reasoning
Time Frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.
This study will use the Clinical Reasoning Performance Rubric (CRPR) to provide an objective assessment of nursing students' clinical reasoning. The rubric consists of eight domains, each rated from 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating better clinical reasoning.
Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Confidence
Time Frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.
This study will use the Vietnamese version of the five-item Confidence Scale (C-Scale), adapted for pediatric nursing care, to measure nursing students' confidence in pediatric nursing care. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Total scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating greater confidence in pediatric nursing care.
Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.
motivation
Time Frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.
This study will use four items from the Enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) to measure nursing students' intrinsic motivation. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation.
Baseline, immediately after intervention, and follow-up at one-month post-intervention.
Student Satisfaction
Time Frame: Immediately after intervention
This study will use the 12-item Student Satisfaction Questionnaire to assess nursing students' satisfaction with the assigned learning methods. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale . Total scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the learning methods.
Immediately after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Do Thi Kim Chi

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Thi Kim Chi Do, Taipei Medical University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 20, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 1, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 670/BM-HĐĐĐ

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

There is no plan to share individual participant data from this study.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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