Effects of Two Teaching Methods on Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Medical Errors

September 12, 2026 updated by: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

The Effect of Patient Safety Education Delivered Through Two Different Teaching Methods on Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Medical Errors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of patient safety education delivered through the Pecha Kucha method, scenario-based teaching, and traditional teaching on nursing students' attitudes toward medical errors. Research Hypotheses: H1: Patient safety education delivered through the Pecha Kucha method significantly improves nursing students' attitudes toward medical errors. H2: Scenario-based patient safety education significantly improves nursing students' attitudes toward medical errors. H3: Nursing students who receive patient safety education through the Pecha Kucha method demonstrate significantly greater improvement in their attitudes toward medical errors than those in the control group. H4: Nursing students who receive scenario-based patient safety education demonstrate significantly greater improvement in their attitudes toward medical errors than those in the control group. H5: There is a significant difference between the Pecha Kucha method and scenario-based teaching in terms of changes in nursing students' attitudes toward medical errors. This study is designed as a three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effects of two different teaching methods for patient safety education on nursing students' attitudes toward medical errors. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: Group 1 (Pecha Kucha Group): Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using the Pecha Kucha teaching method. Group 2 (Scenario-Based Learning Group): Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using a scenario-based teaching method. Group 3 (Control Group): Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using the traditional lecture-based teaching method, which represents the routine educational approach.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
98

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Üsküdar
      • Istanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • University of Health Sciences Turkey

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a first-year student at the University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing
  • Attending the "Ethics in Nursing" course
  • Agreeing to participate in the study
  • Being 18 years of age or older
  • Not having previously taken a course on patient safety

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Declining to participate in the study
  • Wishing to withdraw from the study at any stage
  • Incompletely filling out the study's data collection form.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Pecha Kucha Group
Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using the Pecha Kucha teaching method. The intervention consists of a structured presentation format designed to promote active learning, engagement, and concise knowledge delivery.
Behavioral: Pecha Kucha-Based Patient Safety Education
Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using the Pecha Kucha teaching method. The intervention consists of a structured presentation format designed to promote active learning, engagement, and concise knowledge delivery.
Experimental: Scenario-Based Learning Group
Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using a scenario-based teaching method. The intervention incorporates realistic clinical scenarios to enhance critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and decision-making related to patient safety.
Behavioral: Scenario-Based Patient Safety Education
Participants will receive patient safety education delivered using a scenario-based teaching method. The intervention incorporates realistic clinical scenarios to enhance critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and decision-making related to patient safety.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Participants will receive patient safety education through the traditional lecture-based teaching method routinely used in the nursing curriculum.
Behavioral: Traditional Lecture-Based Patient Safety Education
Participants will receive patient safety education through the traditional lecture-based teaching method routinely used in the nursing curriculum.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Medical Error Attitude Scale (MEAS)
Time Frame: Baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Participants' attitudes toward medical errors will be assessed using the Medical Error Attitude Scale (MEAS). Total scale scores will be compared among the Pecha Kucha, scenario-based learning, and control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational interventions.

The instrument consists of 16 items across three subscales: Perception of Medical Errors, Approach to Medical Errors, and Causes of Medical Errors. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, and the overall score ranges from 1 to 5. A mean score of 3 or higher indicates a positive attitude toward medical errors, whereas a score below 3 indicates a negative attitude. Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward medical error prevention, reporting, and patient safety.
Baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Adult Education Satisfaction Scale (AESS)
Time Frame: Immediately after the intervention

Participants' satisfaction with the educational intervention will be evaluated using the Adult Education Satisfaction Scale. Total scale scores will be assessed immediately after completion of the educational intervention to determine participants' satisfaction with the teaching methods.

The scale comprises 30 items organized into six subscales and is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, yielding a total score ranging from 30 to 150. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the educational intervention. The AESS evaluates participants' satisfaction with the educational program and the extent to which it achieves its intended learning objectives.
Immediately after the intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Semra Aciksoz, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 24, 2026

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 4, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 12, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • UHealthScience SemraAciksoz

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings