An External Control Arm Study Comparing Survival Among Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Patients Treated With 177Lu-PSMA-617 vs Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor (ARPI) Switch in Routine Care

September 28, 2026 updated by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Comparing the Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan Arm of the PSMAfore Clinical Trial to a Switch in Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor (ARPI) as External Control Arm (ECA) Using a Real-world Data Source for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) After Progression on Prior ARPI

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of 177Lu-PSMA-617 (lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan) on survival in patients randomized to receive treatment following progression on one ARPI from the PSMAfore trial compared to the effectiveness of a change in ARPI treatment on survival in a real-world setting in patients with mCRPC who are taxane-naive but have progressed after a switch in ARPI.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1525

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 100 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

PSMAfore trial patients with mCRPC who progressed once after treatment with an ARPI and were taxane-naive, and real-world data (RWD) mCRPC patients from the United States (US)-based health research database who were taxane-naive and had evidence of treatment with a change in ARPI immediately following progression.

Description

Inclusion criteria:

  1. Had an International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM) diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) (ICD-9-CM 185x or ICD-10-CM C61x).
  2. Had at least two documented clinical visits, on different days, occurring on or after 01 Jan 2013.
  3. Included in probabilistic sample of patients queued for review via abstraction.
  4. Had diagnosis of metastatic disease on or after 01 Jan 2013.
  5. Histology was confirmed as adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
  6. Had confirmed mCRPC diagnosis.
  7. Treated with an ARPI-containing line of therapy (LOT; i.e., index therapy) in the mCRPC setting immediately after progression on one previous ARPI-containing line (in any setting, Hormone Sensitive PC or castration-resistant PC), as defined per the health research database's LOT rules and confirmed via abstraction.
  8. 18 years of age or older at the start of index therapy.
  9. Had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (ECOG PS) of 0-1 within 30 days before or up to 7 days after index date, or unknown ECOG PS.

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Female sex.
  2. Had evidence of untreated brain metastases.
  3. Had history of cardiac comorbidities, infection with hepatitis B or C, or spinal cord compression that would indicate significant risk to PSMAfore trial participation.
  4. Diagnosis of an active additional malignancy (i.e., other than prostate cancer).
  5. Evidence of biomarker status that would indicate eligibility for treatment other than ARPI, or better prognosis.
  6. Evidence of prior treatment with therapies that potentially affect study outcomes (e.g., radiopharmaceuticals, taxane, immunotherapy or biological therapy, clinical study drug (CSD), or 177Lu-PSMA-617).
  7. Had evidence of inadequate organ function.
  8. Had evidence of low levels of albumin (< 2.5 g/dL).
  9. Had evidence of a negative PSMA-PET scan.

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: COHORT
  • Time Perspectives: RETROSPECTIVE

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
External Control Arm (ECA)

RWD patients with mCRPC who were treated with a change in ARPI after progression on prior ARPI and before taxane treatment.
PSMAfore Trial Treatment Arm (TTA)

PSMAfore trial patients with mCRPC who were treated with 177Lu-PSMA-617 after progression on one ARPI.
PSMAfore Trial Control Arm (TCA)

PSMAfore trial patients with mCRPC who switched to a subsequent ARPI after progression on a prior ARPI.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overall Survival (OS) of the TTA Group
Time Frame: Up to approximately 3 years and 6 months

OS defined as time from randomization to death due to any cause.
Up to approximately 3 years and 6 months
Real-world Overall Survival (rwOS) of the ECA Group (for the Primary Measure)
Time Frame: Up to approximately 7 years

rwOS is defined as the time from initiation of the index ARPI to death due to any cause.
Up to approximately 7 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
OS of the TCA Group
Time Frame: Up to approximately 3 years and 6 months
Up to approximately 3 years and 6 months
rwOS of the ECA Group (for the Secondary Measure)
Time Frame: Up to approximately 7 years
Up to approximately 7 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 1, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 21, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 21, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 28, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 28, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CAAA617A12004

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

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