Artificial Intelligence, Obstetricians, and Midwives in Non-Stress Test Interpretation

October 31, 2026 updated by: Ahmet Demirci, Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence, Obstetricians, and Midwives in Non-Stress Test Interpretation: A Prospective Comparative Study

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate and compare the interpretation of antenatal non-stress tests (NSTs) by three artificial intelligence models, three obstetricians, and three midwives.

A total of 300 NST recordings obtained during routine antenatal care will be collected and prepared in PDF format. The recordings will be distributed to the evaluators, who will independently assess NST reactivity and recommend appropriate clinical management within two weeks.

Two perinatologists will independently evaluate the NST recordings to establish the reference standard. In cases of disagreement, a third perinatologist will be consulted to determine the final reference assessment.

The study will compare the diagnostic performance, agreement with the reference standard, and inter-rater agreement among artificial intelligence models, obstetricians, and midwives.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
300

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 45 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Pregnant women undergoing antenatal non-stress testing (NST) at the study center will constitute the study population. A total of 300 NST recordings will be collected and independently evaluated by three artificial intelligence models, three obstetricians, and three midwives. Two perinatologists will independently assess the recordings to establish the reference standard. In cases of disagreement, a third perinatologist will be consulted to determine the final reference assessment.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Gestational age of 34+0 weeks or greater
  • Singleton pregnancy undergoing routine antenatal follow-up
  • Availability of an interpretable NST recording with a minimum duration of 20 minutes
  • Complete clinical and demographic data
  • Provision of written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Major fetal congenital anomaly
  • Technically uninterpretable NST recording
  • NST recording shorter than 20 minutes
  • Incomplete clinical data
  • Refusal to participate

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: COHORT
  • Time Perspectives: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Pregnant Women Undergoing Non-Stress Testing

Pregnant women undergoing non-stress testing (NST) as part of routine antenatal care. The NST recordings will be independently evaluated by artificial intelligence models, obstetricians, and midwives, and their assessments will be compared with the reference evaluation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Agreement in Non-Stress Test Classification
Time Frame: Within 2 weeks after distribution of the 300 NST recordings to the evaluators.

Agreement between artificial intelligence models, obstetricians, and midwives in classifying non-stress tests (NSTs) as reactive or non-reactive will be assessed against a reference standard established by two independent perinatologists. In cases of disagreement, a third perinatologist will be consulted to determine the final reference classification. Inter-rater agreement among the evaluator groups will also be assessed.
Within 2 weeks after distribution of the 300 NST recordings to the evaluators.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Agreement in Recommended Clinical Management
Time Frame: Within 2 weeks after distribution of the 300 NST recordings to the evaluators.

Agreement between artificial intelligence models, obstetricians, and midwives regarding recommended clinical management following NST interpretation will be assessed against a reference standard established by two independent perinatologists. Disagreements will be resolved through consultation with a third perinatologist.
Within 2 weeks after distribution of the 300 NST recordings to the evaluators.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Ahmet Demirci, MD, Bilecik Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 22, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 31, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 4, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 31, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • NST-AI-2026-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared due to participant confidentiality and data protection considerations.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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