Inter-Arm Differences in Continuous Glucose Monitor Readings in Adults With Diabetes

November 1, 2026 updated by: Sachin Shah, University of the Pacific

Evaluation of Inter-Arm Differences in Continuous Glucose Monitor Glucose Readings in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

This is a clinical trial looking at differences in continuous glucose monitor (CGM) glucose readings between the left and right arms in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The study will enroll 60 participants who will wear a CGM sensor on both arms for 14 days.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study is a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate differences in continuous glucose monitor (CGM) glucose readings between the left and right arms in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

The study will enroll 60 participants. Each participant will wear two FreeStyle Libre 3 Plus CGM sensors simultaneously for 14 days, with one sensor placed on each arm.

The primary objective is to compare the frequency of hypoglycemic events, defined as glucose readings below 70 mg/dL, between the left and right arms. Secondary analyses will evaluate differences in Level 1 and Level 2 hypoglycemia and time below range. Additional analyses will compare time in range, time above range, time below range, and average glucose between the two arms.

CGM data from the two sensors will be collected and compared to evaluate differences in glucose readings between the left and right arms.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.
  • Name: Innovative Clinical and Outcomes Research (iCOR)
  • Phone Number: 925-255-5374
  • Email: icor@pacific.edu

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Stockton, California, United States, 95211
        • University of the Pacific
        • Contact:
          • Innovative Clinical and Outcomes Research (iCOR)
          • Phone Number: 9252555374
          • Email: icor@pacific.edu
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Sachin A Shah, PharmD
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Allen Shek, PharmD
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Aydin Shek

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults 18 years of age and over
  • Diagnosed with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Female participants with childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy stick test, which has been confirmed by investigators
  • Willingness to wear a CGM on each arm for 2 weeks
  • A1c <7% within the past 6 months
  • Willing to attend 3 virtual call meetings over the course of the trial
  • Have active health insurance throughout the duration of the study
  • Willing to refrain from consuming or using commercial products containing ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or salicylic acid, and certain skincare products for the duration of the study due to their known potential to interfere with CGM readings (exposure via food is allowed)
  • Participants must have a mobile phone that is connected to the internet and compatible with both "FreeStyle Libre 3" and "Libre by Abbott" apps

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under the age of 18
  • Any active dermatologic condition on the upper arms
  • Implanted medical devices (e.g., pacemaker, insulin pump)
  • Use of any medical or other devices (e.g., TMS) incompatible with the FreeStyle Libre 3 Plus CGM
  • Critically ill or dialysis patients
  • Planned high-frequency electrical heat treatment (diathermy) during the study period
  • Currently taking hydroxyurea
  • History of or planned gastric bypass within the study period
  • Current systemic infections
  • Subjects who are unable to fully understand the study or consent process will not be included in the study due to the lack of a qualified medical translator
  • Refusal to sign the informed consent document or HIPAA authorization form
  • Pregnant, planned pregnancy during study period, or currently breastfeeding
  • History of allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to adhesives
  • Blood transfusion within the previous 3 months

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Left and Right Arm CGM Wear

Participants will wear two FreeStyle Libre 3 Plus continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) simultaneously for 14 days, with one sensor applied to the back of the upper arm on each arm. Participants will continue their normal daily routine during the study period. CGM data from the left and right arms will be compared.
Device: FreeStyle Libre 3 Plus Continuous Glucose Monitor

Two FreeStyle Libre 3 Plus continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) will be worn simultaneously for 14 days. One sensor will be applied subcutaneously to the back of the upper arm on each arm. The sensors measure glucose in the interstitial fluid, and data from the left and right arms will be collected and compared.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Difference in Frequency of Hypoglycemic Events Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in the frequency of hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) between the left arm and right arm.
14 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Difference in Frequency of Level 1 Hypoglycemic Events Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in the frequency of Level 1 hypoglycemic events (54 to <70 mg/dL) between the left arm and right arm.
14 days
Difference in Frequency of Level 2 Hypoglycemic Events Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in the frequency of Level 2 hypoglycemic events (<54 mg/dL) between the left arm and right arm.
14 days
Difference in Percentage of Time Below Range (<70 mg/dL) Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in percentage of time below range (TBR) <70 mg/dL between the left and right arms.
14 days
Difference in Percentage of Time Below Range (54 to <70 mg/dL) Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in percentage of time below range (TBR) from 54 to <70 mg/dL (Level 1 hypoglycemia) between the left and right arms.
14 days
Difference in Percentage of Time Below Range (<54 mg/dL) Between Left and Right Arms
Time Frame: 14 days

Difference in percentage of time below range (TBR) <54 mg/dL (Level 2 hypoglycemia) between the left and right arms.
14 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of the Pacific

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 4, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 4, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 4, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 5, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 5, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 1, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB2026-284

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared with others.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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