Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour for Prediction of Muscle Invasion and Detection of Residual Tumour in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Patients (SMART-BC)

November 4, 2026 updated by: Naik Vietti Violi, University of Lausanne Hospitals

SMART-BC is a prospective, single-centre clinical investigation evaluating the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for detecting residual bladder tumour and predicting muscle invasion in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

The study comprises two work packages. WP1 will include 20 healthy volunteers to optimize the bladder MRI protocol using additional clinical sequences without contrast injection, assessing image quality through quantitative and qualitative metrics. WP2 will enrol up to 66 patients with newly diagnosed bladder lesions and suspicious or high-grade urinary cytology, aiming to obtain 33 evaluable patients who undergo pre- and post-transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) MRI and repeat TURBT (re-TURBT), when clinically indicated.

In WP2, mpMRI will be performed before initial TURBT and approximately 3-4 weeks afterwards in patients requiring re-TURBT. Diagnostic performance will be assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, with histopathology as the reference standard. Standard VI-RADS sequences will be compared with an optimized protocol incorporating additional sequences. Secondary objectives include inter-reader agreement, patient-reported comfort and satisfaction, and preliminary evaluation of healthcare costs and the potential to avoid unnecessary re-TURBT procedures. Safety will be assessed through the systematic collection of adverse events, serious adverse events and device deficiencies.

The investigation uses CE-marked 3T MRI systems and follows routine clinical management pathways. Its long-term aim is to determine whether post-TURBT mpMRI can improve diagnostic assessment and support more personalized management of patients with high-risk NMIBC.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
86

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • All adult patients with bladder lesion at cystoscopy and indication for a TURBT, and with a urinary cytology positive or suspicious for atypia or high grade (HG) urothelial carcinoma .
  • Informed Consent signed by the subject

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Cystoscopic assessment suspicious for MIBC, or prior cross-sectional imaging-such as CT-demonstrating extra bladder extension (e.g., cT3-T4)
  • Pregnancy
  • MRI contrast agent precaution
  • MRI contraindication (including severe claustrophobia and metallic material presence)
  • Patients with hip prosthesis (to avoid non diagnostic MRI examination due to metal artifacts)
  • Any other condition making the patient unsuitable for the study
  • Patient's refusal of transmission of relevant medical conditions found on the medical examinations performed during the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Participants with suspected bladder cancer will undergo multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Patients requiring repeat resection according to clinical indications will undergo a second magnetic resonance imaging examination approximately 3-4 weeks after the initial resection. Imaging findings will be compared with histopathological results to assess diagnostic performance.
Diagnostic test: Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Bladder

Bladder magnetic resonance imaging performed using a 3T MRI system, including standard VI-RADS sequences and additional optimized sequences. Imaging is performed before initial transurethral resection and, when clinically indicated, before repeat resection. The study evaluates image quality and the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting residual bladder tumour and predicting muscle invasion.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Diagnostic Performance
Time Frame: Approximately 3-4 weeks after initial transurethral resection, before repeat resection when clinically indicated.

Diagnostic accuracy metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], and negative predictive value [NPV]) of mpMRI performed 3-4 weeks after initial TURBT for detecting residual bladder tumour, using histopathology as the reference standard.
Approximately 3-4 weeks after initial transurethral resection, before repeat resection when clinically indicated.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Lausanne Hospitals

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 3, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 29, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 4, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 9, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2026-D0029

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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