Mexiletine for the Treatment of Muscle Cramps in ALS

The purpose of this study is to determine if mexiletine is effective for the treatment of muscle cramps in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscle Cramps in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Mexiletine

Detailed Description

Background:

Many ALS patients suffer from painful muscle cramps, but unfortunately we do not have any medication proven to help muscle cramps in ALS. Reducing the pain caused by cramps - which can be debilitating - could help people living with ALS.

Muscle cramps are sudden, painful, and involuntary contractions of a muscle. They are caused by nerve dysfunction. When we examine nerves and muscles electrically, we see cramps as bursts of high-frequency (up to150 Hz) firing of the motor nerve cells. Cramps in ALS are believed to be the result of an increase of persistent sodium currents in the sick lower motor nerve cells.

A medication called Quinine was for many years the commonly used drug for controlling cramps in ALS, but the FDA has advised against its use for cramps because of its potential risks (e.g., death). Today there is no agreement on how to treat cramps in the ALS. The American Academy of Neurology recently encouraged further studies of the treatment of muscle cramps and suggested lidocaine as one of a few drugs of special interest.

Mexiletine:

Mexiletine is a medication closely related to lidocaine that can be taken by mouth (instead of being injected). Mexiletine stops the type of sodium currents that are thought to cause muscle cramps. Mexiletine is a relatively older medication that has been extensively studied in humans. It has been shown to reduce the electrical measures of muscle cramps for other disease conditions. For example, in patients with another severe nerve disease - Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3) - mexiletine treatment led to a decrease in the average number of muscle cramps from 24 to 3 cramps per month.. The safety profile of mexiletine is good, with the most frequent side effects being nausea or other abdominal symptoms. These side effects are rare at the doses (300 mg/day) used in this study. In patients with normal heart function, mexiletine has a minimal effect on heart rhythm. In previous clinical trials, no subject developed any serious heart rate problem.

Experimental Plan:

Using multiple sites within the State of California we will quickly enroll a small number (N=30) of ALS patients with severe muscle cramps. The study is a double-blinded, placebo controlled (i.e., the investigator and the participant does not know if the pills contain mexiletine or placebo), crossover (all subjects receive two weeks of mexiletine and two weeks of placebo) study.

After a one week run in, participants will be evaluated on their ability to fill out the cramp diary. Participants who filled out their diary will be randomly assigned to either mexiletine or placebo for their first two weeks. For the first three days of each 2-week period, one 150mg capsule will be taken at bed time. For day 4 to 14 one capsule twice per day will be taken. Each treatment period will be 2 weeks with an intervening 1 week washout period - for a total study length of 6 weeks. Safety will be monitored with liver function studies and EKG's.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 23
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Chester, California, United States, 96020
      • UCD Telehealth Network - Lake Almanor Clinic
    • La Jolla, California, United States, 92093
      • UCSD Department of Neurosciences ALS Clinical Trials (ACT) Program
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
      • UCLA Neuromuscular Research Program
    • Multiple Locations, California, United States, Various
      • UCD Telehealth Network
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • UC Irvine Health ALS & Neuromuscular Center
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95817
      • UC, Davis Medical Center ALS Clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 21 years to 89 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• ALS diagnosed according to El Escorial criteria (Awaji version) as: Possible, Probable, or Definite.
• Experiencing cramps as a moderate or severe symptom as defined by willingness to take a medication for the symptom
• ≥2 cramps per week during run in week
• Life expectancy > 6 months, estimated by clinician
• Able to take drug capsule by mouth
• No significant EKG abnormality on screening
• aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase <2x upper limit of normal measured at screening
• Having successfully filled out the cramp diary and cramp and fasciculation scales on six out of the last seven days of run in period

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to communicate by telephone or email
• Allergy/ known sensitivity to mexiletine
• Prior use of mexiletine
• AV block unless subject has pacemaker
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Prior myocardial infarction
• Other significant EKG abnormality
• Liver disease
• History of leucopenia (WBC <3,500/mm3)
• Epilepsy
• Other serious and unstable medical condition
• Pregnant woman
• Breastfeeding woman
• Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements
• Use of quinidine (alone or as a component of Nuedexta®) during the study
• Inability or unwillingness of subject to give written informed consent
• Woman of childbearing potential, not willing to use at least two approved methods of contraception
• Use of a prohibited medication during study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Mexiletine; Mexiletine, capsule, 150mg, PO BID, 14 days	Drug: Mexiletine; Sodium channel blocker; Other Names: Mexetil
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Placebo, capsule, PO BID, 14 days	Drug: Placebo; Placebo; Other Names: Sugar pill

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Daily Muscle Cramps	The average of the daily recording of number of muscle cramps that occurred in the last 24 hours- over a 6 week period.	6 weeks
Cramp Severity	Daily cramp severity was rated on the 100-unit visual analog scale. Scores ranged from 0 to 100, with 100 being the greatest amount of cramp severity	6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bjorn Oskarsson, MD
• Collaborators: University of California, Davis; ALS Association
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Bjorn Oskarsson, MD, UC Davis

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 6, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 12, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): March 14, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 28, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 28, 2017
• Last Verified: July 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; ALS; Motor Neuron Disease; Lou Gehrig's disease; MND; Muscle cramps; Cramp
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Metabolic Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuromuscular Manifestations; Spinal Cord Diseases; TDP-43 Proteinopathies; Proteostasis Deficiencies; Sclerosis; Motor Neuron Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Spasm; Muscle Cramp; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Membrane Transport Modulators; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium Channel Blockers; Mexiletine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 378164