Longitudinal Measurement of Caloric Compensation and Eating in the Absence of Hunger in French Preschool Children

One Year Change in Caloric Compensation and Eating in the Absence of Hunger in French Preschool Children

Objectives: The aims were to measure one year change in caloric compensation (CC) and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in 3 to 6 year-old French children in their regular eating context and to link these change with individual characteristics (adiposity, age, gender) and maternal feeding practices.

Three series of measurements of caloric compensation (CC) and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) were conducted: at baseline, and 3 (FU3M) and 15 (FU15M) months later. Each serie of measurement was composed of three consecutive weeks an identical lunch was served in four preschool canteens reaching 236 children. The first lunch was a control session. For the CC situation (week 2), thirty minutes before the lunch children were offered a preload (137 kcal). For the EAH situation (week 3), ten minutes after lunch children were exposed to palatable foods (430 kcal). Food intake was measured at the individual level. Maternal eating behaviour and feeding practices were measured by questionnaires. Child's height and weight were measured by a medical doctor.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 236

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Dijon, France, 21000
    • Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 2 years to 7 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The population was composed of 236 children at inclusion. Among them, 98 participated in the three time of measurements of caloric compensation or eating in the absence of hunger.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• To be registered to the school canteen, to provide parental approval at inclusion and at the FU15M

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic disease or food allergies

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in caloric compensation in 15 months	To evaluate the change in caloric compensation across time, caloric compensation was measured at baseline, 3 and 15 months after baseline, in the same conditions. At each time point to assess caloric compensation, children were offered a chocolate bun 30 minutes before the lunch. The food intake at lunch was recorded. We calculated if children compensated the chocolate bun, by comparing energy intake at this lunch with energy intake from a control lunch which took place one week before.	one week
Control measurement of energy intake at baseline	We conducted a control lunch and recorded food intake of each child. This measurement was conducted a week before measuring caloric compensation.	One week
Change in eating in the absence of hunger in 15 months	In order to evaluate the change in eating in the absence of hunger across time, a measurement was conducted at baseline, 3 months and 15 months after baseline. To collect the measurement of eating in the absence of hunger, we offered palatable foods to children 10 minutes after their lunch. We recorded the energy intake from these post-meal foods. At each time point, this measurement was conducted one week after the measurement of caloric compensation.	one week.
Control measurement of energy intake three months after baseline	We conducted a control lunch and recorded food intake of each child. This measurement was conducted a week before measuring caloric compensation.	One week
Control measurement of energy intake fifteen months after baseline	We conducted a control lunch and recorded food intake of each child. This measurement was conducted a week before measuring caloric compensation.	One week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maternal feeding practices and eating behavior	Using a validated questionnaire, we collected information about maternal feeding practices (Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, Musher-Eizenman & Holub, 2007) and eating behaviour (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Van Strien, 1986).	one month after inclusion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation
• Collaborators: European Union
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nicklaus Sophie, phD, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Web site for the main research project funded by the European Union

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 30, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 12, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): November 13, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): November 13, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 12, 2013
• Last Verified: November 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: children; Preschool children; Caloric compensation; Eating in the absence of hunger; Maternal feeding practices; Maternal eating behavior; one year
• Other Study ID Numbers: HabEat WP31 Follow up; INRA WP31 FU; WP31.FU. INRA (Other Identifier: INRA)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No