Metabolic and Appetite Parameters Following Addition of Whey Protein to a Fat-based Breakfast

The Influence of Whey Protein Addition to a Fat-based Breakfast on Metabolic and Appetite Parameters Following a Second Meal

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the addition of whey protein to a breakfast high in fat content will influence acute metabolic and appetite responses, as well as responses to a subsequent lunch meal.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: High Fat Breakfast Meal; Dietary supplement: Whey Protein

Detailed Description

Participants will be asked to report to the lab for their first main trial, having not eaten for 12 hours, and refrained from caffeine and alcohol intake and strenuous exercise for 24 hours. Both trials will take place at the same time of day.

Upon arrival height and body mass will be recorded and a cannula will be inserted into a vein in the back of the hand and a 10 ml blood sample will be taken.A visual analogue scale (VAS) will then be used to subjectively measure the participant's appetite pre-breakfast.

Participants will then be provided with one of the two breakfast meals that are being tested in a randomised order. The two breakfasts consist of a high fat breakfast or high fat plus additional whey protein. A drink of water shall also be consumed, the volume of which depends on the trial being carried out. The high fat breakfast will consist of scrambled egg yolks made with single cream and butter (Tesco, Hertfordshire, UK). The macronutrient distribution of the breakfast is 12% protein, 3% carbohydrate, 85% fat (1771 kJ; 423 kcal total). For the whey protein trial, 23.9g whey protein isolate (Lacprodan DI-9224, Arla Foods, Denmark) shall be added to water and incorporated into each meal as a drink on the side, in order to provide 20g whey protein.

A timer shall be set when the participant takes their first mouthful of breakfast, and they will be required to rest for the following 3 hours. At 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes post-breakfast 10 ml blood samples shall be collected. Every 30 minutes during this period the appetite VAS will also be completed. After this participants will be provided with a standardised lunch meal which shall consist of pasta with a tomato and basil sauce, olive oil and cheddar cheese, along with a 350 ml drink of water. The macronutrient distribution of the lunch is 13% protein, 49% carbohydrate, 38% fat. Following this, the post-breakfast procedure shall be repeated for another period of 3 hours.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Tyne and Wear
    • Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom, NE1 8ST
      • Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18-40 years old (male)
• Recreationally active (>30 minutes of structured exercise, 5 times/week)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Metabolic disease (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, thyroid disorders)
• Taking any prescribed medication
• Regular breakfast skipper
• Food allergies or intolerances
• Eating disorders
• Smoker

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Sham Comparator: High Fat Breakfast Meal; High fat breakfast meal served without addition of whey protein isolate	Other: High Fat Breakfast Meal; A standardised high fat breakfast served to all participants. The macronutrient distribution of the breakfast is 12% protein, 3% carbohydrate, 85% fat (1771 kJ; 423 kcal total)
Experimental: High Fat Breakfast Meal + Whey Protein; High fat breakfast meal served with addition of whey protein isolate	Other: High Fat Breakfast Meal; A standardised high fat breakfast served to all participants. The macronutrient distribution of the breakfast is 12% protein, 3% carbohydrate, 85% fat (1771 kJ; 423 kcal total); Dietary supplement: Whey Protein; 20 g whey protein isolate (Arla Foods Ingredients Group) added to breakfast meal

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postprandial blood glucose responses	Blood glucose concentration determined in whole blood sampled at regular intervals post-breakfast and post-lunch	0-360 minutes post breakfast

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Acute subjective appetite responses	Subjective appetite ratings determined from Visual Analogue Scales sampled at regular intervals	0-360 minutes post breakfast

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Northumbria University
• Investigators: Study Director: Emma J Stevenson, PhD, Northumbria University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 7, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): January 8, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 8, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2016
• Last Verified: January 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Postprandial glycemia; Metabolic health measures
• Other Study ID Numbers: HLS-13-131017b