Study of Mirtazapine for Agitation in Dementia (SYMBAD)

A Pragmatic, Multi Centre, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Randomised Trial to Assess the Safety, Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Mirtazapine in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Agitated Behaviours

This clinical trial evaluates whether Mirtazapine is more effective than placebo in treating agitation in people with dementia. The trial will assess the safety, clinical and cost effectiveness of the treatment. Participants will be randomised to receive either Mirtazapine or placebo for 12 weeks and will be followed up for up to one year, in this blinded trial.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dementia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Placebo; Drug: Mirtazapine

Detailed Description

Patient-centred care, without the use of medicines is offered as a first course of treatment for agitation in dementia. However, there is a need for second line treatments when these fail, at the moment antipsychotics are commonly prescribed, as very little research has been done in to safer alternative treatments.

There are medicines available to treat agitation and/or aggression in dementia, but it is not clear which treatments work best.

This research study has been designed to help answer this, by comparing a which is currently prescribed for depression, Mirtazapine, with placebo (a tablet designed to look like a medicine but that has no active medicine in it) to see if Mirtazapine is suitable for treating agitation in dementia.

If participants and their family/carers agree to take part in this study, participants will be prescribed treatment for 12 weeks. Participants will then be followed up for 1 year after, with assessment sessions at 26 and 52 weeks.

Participants taking part in this study will be randomly allocated to a treatment group (selected to their treatment group by chance). The study is blinded, so this means the participant's doctor and the research team will not know which treatment the participant has been taking until after the study has ended. This is necessary so that the trial is a fair test of which treatment works best, however it is possible to find out which medicine they are taking in the event of a medical emergency.

The study is entirely voluntary and all participants wishing to join the study must complete an informed consent form (or if they lack capacity the participant's representative may do so on their behalf). Each participant must also have a nominated carer who consents to being questioned on aspects of the participant's dementia/care and their own experiences in caring for the participant.

The investigators are aiming to recruit 222 patients to the study in total from around 20 different regions across the UK.

The study was originally designed to included a second medication, called Carbamazepine, to also look at whether it would work and be safe and cost effective in agitation in dementia. Challenges in recruitment in this population resulted in the funder requesting that the available data was reviewed to July 2018, to see whether one of the arms (Mirtazapine or Carbamazepine) should be discontinued in terms of future recruitment. The independent data monitoring committee compared blinded data from both groups against placebo data and concluded that on the basis of efficacy and safety, the group, which when unblinded was found to be Carbamazepine, should be dropped. Some limited analysis will still be completed for all data collected in the Carbamazepine group, but the trial will continue now only randomising participants to Mirtazapine or placebo.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 207
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Sussex
    • Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom, BN1 9RY
      • Sube Banerjee

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible Alzheimer's Disease using National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS/ADRDA) criteria (McKhann et Al, 1984)
• a diagnosis of co-existing agitated behaviours
• evidence that the agitated behaviours have not responded to management according to the AS/DH algorithm (AS/DH, 2011)
• An assessment of Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI; Cohen-Mansfield et al, 1989, Long form) score of 45 or greater
• Written informed consent to enter and be randomised into the trial
• Availability of a suitable informant (consenting identifiable family carer or paid carer) to provide information on carer-completed outcome measures and who consents to take part in the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current treatment with antidepressants (including MAOIs) or antipsychotics. Normal clinical practice should be followed, with an appropriate washout period before trial drug administration. For MAOIs this should be least two weeks.
• Contraindications to the administration of mirtazapine as per the current SmPC
• Patients with second degree atrioventricular block (patients with third degree heart block, with a pace maker fitted, may be included at PI discretion)
• Cases too critical for randomisation (ie where there is a suicide risk or where the patient presents a risk of harm to others)
• Female subjects under the age of 55 of childbearing potential, defined as follows: postmenopausal females who have not had at least 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea or 6 months of spontaneous amenorrhoea with serum FSH>40mIU/ml or females who have not had a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy at least 6 weeks prior to enrolment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Mirtazapine; 15mg of Mirtazapine over encapsulated to produce a blinded product that looks identical to the other arms. Starting dose is one capsule per day, escalating to 2 capsules per day after 2 weeks if no side effects and up to 3 capsules per day after 4 weeks.	Drug: Mirtazapine
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Lactose powder encapsulated to produce a blinded product that looks identical to the other arms. Starting dose is one capsule per day, escalating to 2 capsules per day after 2 weeks if no side effects and up to 3 capsules per day after 4 weeks.	Other: Placebo; Other Names: Dummy pill

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) score (Long Form, 29 questions)	Measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, it is the difference in the score at 12 weeks that is the primary outcome. The questions are asked of the person with dementia's carer	Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Sussex
• Collaborators: University College, London; University of East Anglia; University of Cambridge; University of Manchester; University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne; Alzheimer's Society; London School of Economics and Political Science; Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust; Norwich Clinical Trials Unit; The Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School and SPFT
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sube Banerjee, Professor, Brighton and Sussex Medical School

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Banerjee S, High J, Stirling S, Shepstone L, Swart AM, Telling T, Henderson C, Ballard C, Bentham P, Burns A, Farina N, Fox C, Francis P, Howard R, Knapp M, Leroi I, Livingston G, Nilforooshan R, Nurock S, O'Brien J, Price A, Thomas AJ, Tabet N. Study of mirtazapine for agitated behaviours in dementia (SYMBAD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Oct 23;398(10310):1487-1497. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01210-1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2017
• First Posted (Estimate): January 25, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 19, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 16, 2021
• Last Verified: April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Agitation; Agitated behaviours
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Dementia; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Adrenergic Antagonists; Adrenergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Central Nervous System Depressants; Tranquilizing Agents; Psychotropic Drugs; Serotonin Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; Serotonin Antagonists; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine Antagonists; Histamine Agents; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Mirtazapine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 15/SC/0606

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: The datasets generated during the current study will be available upon request from Prof Sube Banerjee sube.banerjee@plymouth.ac.uk once the trial follow-up and analyses are completed, the likely date for this is October 2022.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: After analysis by the study team is complete, likely from October 2022. The above documents are already available
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: By email request to Prof Sube Banerjee sube.banerjee@plymouth.ac.uk
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Study Protocol; Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP); Informed Consent Form (ICF)