Pain Modulatory Profiles in Massage for Individuals With Neck Pain

One in ten adults experience widespread pain. Neck pain, for example, is a prevalent condition with a high rate of recurrence that affects between 10.4% and 21.3% of the population annually.

Massage is a common manual therapy intervention for individuals with musculoskeletal pain. However, the mechanisms of massage are not well established. Also, the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm is a dynamic quantitative sensory testing measure of a pain inhibitory process in which pain sensitivity is lessened in response to a remotely applied painful stimulus.

This study will evaluate the association between pain inducing massage and the conditioned pain modulation paradigm in participants with a history of neck pain.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Musculoskeletal Pain; Neck Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Pain Inducing Massage; Other: Light Touch Massage; Other: Coldpressor

Detailed Description

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is the physical manifestation of the diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), an endogenous pain inhibitory pathway in which pain inhibits pain. Conditioned pain modulation is less efficient in individuals with chronic pain conditions and it is a predictor for the development of chronic pain.

Massage is a common manual therapy intervention for individuals with musculoskeletal pain. Greater changes in pain sensitivity occur following pain inducing massage suggesting a mechanism dependent upon the efficiency of the conditioned pain modulation response. Previous research has indicated pain inducing massage is more effective than pain free massage suggesting a mechanism dependent upon conditioned pain modulation.

The study team will evaluate the association between pain inducing massage and the conditioned pain modulation paradigm. Participants with neck pain will be randomly assigned to receive a pain inducing massage, pain free massage, or a coldpressor task. Pre-and post intervention pain will be assessed. The study team will determine if analgesia induced by pain inducing massage is similar to the conditioned pain modulation paradigm and if baseline conditioned pain modulation predicts responders to pain inducing massage and short term clinical outcomes in patients with a history of neck pain.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
      • UF Health

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• currently experiencing neck pain with or without arm pain
• neck pain symptom intensity rated as 4/10 or higher during the last 24 hours
• neck pain for greater than or equal to 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• non-English speaking
• systemic medical conditions known to affect sensation (e.g. diabetes, hypertension)
• history of neck surgery or fracture within the past 6 months
• current history of chronic pain condition other than neck pain
• diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy or cervical myelopathy
• history of whiplash; g) currently using blood thinning medication
• any blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia
• any contraindication to application of ice, such as: uncontrolled hypertension, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, and circulatory compromise.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Pain Inducing Massage; Participants will receive manual pressure applied to one myofascial trigger point.	Other: Pain Inducing Massage; Participants will receive 60 seconds of manual pressure applied to one myofascial trigger point so the participant rates the pain = 5/10 on a scale from 0 to 10. This will be followed by 30 seconds of complete pressure release. This will occur 4 times.
Active Comparator: Light Touch Massage; Participants will receive light touch applied to one myofascial trigger point.	Other: Light Touch Massage; Participants will receive 60 seconds of light touch applied to one myofascial trigger point so the participant rates the pain = 0/10 on a scale from 0 to 10. This will be followed by 30 seconds of complete pressure release. This will occur 4 times.
Placebo Comparator: Coldpressor; Participants will place hand into water cooled to 6 degrees Celsius (males) or 8 degrees Celsius (females).	Other: Coldpressor; Participants will place their non-dominant hand into water cooled by a refrigeration unit temperature of 6 degrees Celsius (males) or 8 degrees Celsius (females). The participant will place his or her hand in the cooled water for 60 seconds followed by a 30 second break in which the participant will remove his or her hand from the water. This will occur 4 times.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline in Pressure Pain Threshold	Pressure in kilograms at which ascending pressure stimulus first changes from pressure to painful	2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline in Thermal Pain Threshold and Tolerance	Temperature at which ascending thermal stimulus first changes from warm to painful and maximum temperature tolerated	2 hours
Change from baseline in Pressure Pain Tolerance	Pressure in kilograms at which ascending pressure is no longer tolerated	2 hours
Change from baseline in Ramp and Hold	Participants will rate their pain using a 101 point mechanical visual analog scale to thermal stimuli of 45, 47, 49, and 50 degree Celsius each of 5 seconds duration will be applied to the forearm and to the muscle on the side of the neck	2 hours
Change from baseline in Temporal Summation	Participants will rate their pain using a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale to a train of 10 50 degree Celsius heat pulses will be applied to the skin in the plantar surface of the hand.	2 hours
Change from baseline in Conditioned Pain Modulation	Pressure in kilograms at which ascending pressure stimulus applied to the foot first changes from pressure to painful both prior to and immediately following immersion of the opposite hand in a cold water bath	2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Florida
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Joel Bialosky, PhD, University of Florida

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 20, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 9, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): June 9, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 11, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 11, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): May 23, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 7, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 5, 2022
• Last Verified: July 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: conditioned pain modulation (CPM); diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC); massage; hypoalgesia
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neck Pain; Musculoskeletal Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB201800840

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No