So-Lo-Mo Intervention Applied to the Smoking Cessation Process (So-Lo-Mo)

A Randomized Open-label Parallel-group Trial is to Analyze the Efficacy and the Efficiency of the Social-Local-Mobile (So-Lo-Mo) Intervention Applied to the Smoking Cessation Process.

This is a randomized open-label parallel-group trial. 240 subjects will be recruited during 8 months and a 12 months follow-up will be carried out for each one of them. The sample will split in two groups: control group (n=120) who will receive usual psycho-pharmacological therapy and the intervention group (n=120) who will receive usual therapy plus So-Lo-Mo app.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking Cessation; Health Behavior; Lifestyle-related Condition
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Psychological advice; Drug: Bupropion Pill; Drug: Varenicline Pill; Other: So-Lo-Mo

Detailed Description

The main objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and efficiency of the So-Lo-Mo intervention applied to the smoking cessation process compared to usual care.

Secondary objectives are:

1. To monitor usual psycho-pharmacological therapies (bupropion, varenicline and behavioural therapy).
2. To monitor healthy lifestyle and physical exercise habits.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 240
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Smoking population attending to the Smoking Cessation Unit of "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital.
• Subjects >18 years old who want to give up smoking.
• Android-based smart phone availability.
• Ability to interact with the smart phone.
• To sign an Informed Consent Form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects had some previous adverse effects related to the pharmacological treatment included in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control; Subjects undergoing usual psycho-pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation. Prescribed treatments: Bupropion pills + Psychological advice; Varenicline pills + Psychological advice	Behavioral: Psychological advice; Provision of information about smoking and smoking cessation process, as well as supporting behavioral changes through the provision of new skills and strategies. The most used methods are the motivational interview and the cognitive-behavioral therapy; Other Names: Behavioral; Drug: Bupropion Pill; Formulated as a 150 mg long discharge pill, usually being prescribed a daily dose of 300 mg, except for week one which would be prescribed 150 mg per day. The usual length of the treatment ranges from 7 to 9 weeks. However, 12 weeks treatments could be prescribed for severe cases of smokers.; Other Names: Bupropion; Drug: Varenicline Pill; Formulated as 0,5 mg and 1 mg pills, and the dose should be progressively incremented during the first days in order to facilitate tolerance. The recommended length of the treatment is 12 weeks, although longer treatments could be necessary for severe smokers.; Other Names: Varenicline
Experimental: Intervention; Subjects undergoing usual psycho-pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation plus a smart phone App. Prescribed treatments: Bupropion pills + Psychological advice + So-Lo-Mo; Varenicline pills + Psychological advice + So-Lo-Mo	Behavioral: Psychological advice; Provision of information about smoking and smoking cessation process, as well as supporting behavioral changes through the provision of new skills and strategies. The most used methods are the motivational interview and the cognitive-behavioral therapy; Other Names: Behavioral; Drug: Bupropion Pill; Formulated as a 150 mg long discharge pill, usually being prescribed a daily dose of 300 mg, except for week one which would be prescribed 150 mg per day. The usual length of the treatment ranges from 7 to 9 weeks. However, 12 weeks treatments could be prescribed for severe cases of smokers.; Other Names: Bupropion; Drug: Varenicline Pill; Formulated as 0,5 mg and 1 mg pills, and the dose should be progressively incremented during the first days in order to facilitate tolerance. The recommended length of the treatment is 12 weeks, although longer treatments could be necessary for severe smokers.; Other Names: Varenicline; Other: So-Lo-Mo; So-Lo-Mo is an innovative intervention based on mobile technologies and its capacity to trigger behavioral changes. In this sense, the App is a complement to pharmacological therapies to quit smoking providing personalised motivational messages, physical activity monitoring, lifestyle advices and distractions (mini-games) to help pass the cravings. The main objective of this App is to improve patient's adherence to the smoking cessation process making use of behavioral techniques in the form of motivational messages and/or Short Message Service (SMS).; Other Names: SoLoMo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy: Smoking abstinence rate	Smoking abstinence rate at 1 year measured by means of exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) and urinary cotinine tests. Subjects with cotinine concentrations >200 ng/ml or CO >6 ppm will be considered as smokers.	1 year
Efficiency: Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio	Expressed in terms of Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), calculated by dividing the difference in total costs between the intervention group and the control group by the difference in Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) between both groups. Costs associated to control and intervention groups will include healthcare resources utilization measured in terms of specialist consultations related to the smoking cessation process. Costs of pharmacological treatment and time employed by healthcare professionals during the design phase will also be taken into account. Benefit for patients will be expressed in terms of QALY. EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire will be used to estimate QALY.	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of Treatment-Related Adverse Events [Safety]	To monitor usual pharmacological therapies (bupropion and varenicline) in order to gather the incidence of related adverse events reported. Safety will be measured as the number of adverse events related to pharmacological therapies. The following adverse events have been identified related to each pharmacological therapy: Varenicline: Nausea, vomit, headache, insomnia, abnormal dreams, constipation and flatulence. Bupropion: insomnia, headache, dryness in the mouth, alteration of taste, skin reactions, convulsions, cardiovascular side effects and severe skin reactions.	1 year
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ27) score [Physical activity]	Physical activity will be measured in terms of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ27) score calculation at baseline (first evaluation in the study) and at the end of the intervention (after 1 year of follow-up). The result is expressed as metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week. Interpretation: Low: Individuals who not meet criteria for categories 2 or 3 are considered 'low'; Moderate: 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 minutes per day OR 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 minutes per day OR 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 600 MET-minutes/week; High: vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 1500 MET-minutes/week	From baseline (first evaluation in the study) to 1 year after
Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2 [Healthy lifestyle]	Healthy lifestyle will be measured in terms of the subject's BMI (weight in kg / height in m^2) at baseline (first evaluation in the study) and at the end of the intervention (after 1 year of follow-up).	From baseline (first evaluation in the study) to 1 year after

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fundación Pública Andaluza para la gestión de la Investigación en Sevilla
• Collaborators: Andaluz Health Service; European Commission
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Francisco Ortega-Ruiz, MD, PhD, Virgen del Rocío University Hiospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Oct 6;10(10):CD006219. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4.
• Carrasco-Hernandez L, Jodar-Sanchez F, Nunez-Benjumea F, Moreno Conde J, Mesa Gonzalez M, Civit-Balcells A, Hors-Fraile S, Parra-Calderon CL, Bamidis PD, Ortega-Ruiz F. A Mobile Health Solution Complementing Psychopharmacology-Supported Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Apr 27;8(4):e17530. doi: 10.2196/17530.
• Jodar-Sanchez F, Carrasco Hernandez L, Nunez-Benjumea FJ, Mesa Gonzalez MA, Moreno Conde J, Parra Calderon CL, Fernandez-Luque L, Hors-Fraile S, Civit A, Bamidis P, Ortega-Ruiz F. Using the Social-Local-Mobile App for Smoking Cessation in the SmokeFreeBrain Project: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Dec 6;7(12):e12464. doi: 10.2196/12464.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 24, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 24, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): October 24, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 2, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 11, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): June 12, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 4, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 3, 2018
• Last Verified: December 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: App; Smoking Cessation; Decision Support System
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Cholinergic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Psychotropic Drugs; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Antidepressive Agents; Dopamine Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Nicotinic Agonists; Cholinergic Agonists; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Bupropion; Varenicline
• Other Study ID Numbers: SFB-APP_EC-2016-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No